A chamber cross-sectional multi-stage plasma arrangement characterized by escalating charge movement towards chamber center axis through one or more escalation stages contributing to the heating of the plasma, the centering of the plasma on the chamber axis, and creating rotation of the plasma therein. Rotation of the plasma around its axis induces a self-generated magnetic field, which in turn increases plasma stability and confinement. Some of the said stages of the multi-stage arrangement may be created by physical elements and components while others may be induced or generated by externally applying magnetic and/or electric fields or their combinations and/or by injection of electrons, ions or other plasma.

A system includes a core, a plurality of tubes, a plurality of gates, and a plurality of compressors. The core defines a plurality of openings. The plurality of tubes extend radially outward from the core. Each tube of the plurality of tubes includes (i) a first end interfacing with one of the plurality of openings and (ii) an opposing second end. Each gate of the plurality of gates is positioned at a respective opening of the plurality of openings of the core such that the plurality of gates are positioned to selectively prevent a backflow of liquid from the core through the plurality of openings and the first end of the plurality of tubes into the plurality of tubes. Each compressor of the plurality of compressors is associated with a respective tube of the plurality of tubes and is positioned at the opposing second end of the respective tube.

A method may be provided for producing a voltage across a magnetized plasma. The techniques may include generating, within a plasma device having at least one outer boundary that defines walls, at least one magnetic field including an axially directed magnetic field in an open field line configuration. The axial-directed magnetic field may confine a plasma in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The techniques may also include generating at least one electric field within the plasma device.

A method may be provided for producing a voltage across a magnetized plasma. The techniques may include generating, within a plasma device having at least one outer boundary that defines walls, at least one magnetic field including an axially directed magnetic field in an open field line configuration. The axial-directed magnetic field may confine a plasma in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The techniques may also include generating at least one electric field within the plasma device.

An example method includes directing gas, via one or more first valves, from within an inner electrode to an acceleration region between the inner electrode and an outer electrode that substantially surrounds the inner electrode, directing gas, via two or more second valves, from outside the outer electrode to the acceleration region, and applying, via a power supply, a voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, thereby converting at least a portion of the directed gas into a plasma having a substantially annular cross section, the plasma flowing axially within the acceleration region toward a first end of the inner electrode and a first end of the outer electrode and, thereafter, establishing a Z-pinch plasma that flows between the first end of the outer electrode and the first end of the inner electrode. Related plasma confinement systems and methods are also disclosed herein.

An example method includes directing gas, via one or more first valves, from within an inner electrode to an acceleration region between the inner electrode and an outer electrode that substantially surrounds the inner electrode, directing gas, via two or more second valves, from outside the outer electrode to the acceleration region, and applying, via a power supply, a voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, thereby converting at least a portion of the directed gas into a plasma having a substantially annular cross section, the plasma flowing axially within the acceleration region toward a first end of the inner electrode and a first end of the outer electrode and, thereafter, establishing a Z-pinch plasma that flows between the first end of the outer electrode and the first end of the inner electrode. Related plasma confinement systems and methods are also disclosed herein.