A system with electrical discharge plasma for treating a liquid, the system includes a sealed process tank and multiple EDP channels. The EDP channel consists of a cathode and an anode, a gas hood and a gas diffuser. The EDP channel possesses cathode above the water surface and anode below the water surface. The EDP channel possesses gas hood at the top of the EDP channel and gas diffuser at the bottom of the EDP channel. The system with electrical discharge plasma used for destruction of contaminants in water or wastewater.

An in-liquid plasma generation device includes a housing which holds a liquid in an internal space, a gas supply tube which includes an opening in the internal space and discharges a gas into the liquid through the opening, a first electrode which has projecting part projecting into the internal space via the opening from inside of the gas supply tube, the projecting part including a conductor covered by a dielectric, a second electrode which surrounds the projecting part of the first electrode and includes a conductor isolated from the liquid by a dielectric, and a voltage applier which applies a voltage to between the first electrode and the second electrode. A space between the projecting part and the second electrode is a flow passage in which the gas discharged from the opening flows.

An apparatus for producing reforming liquid includes a treatment tank in which an introduced liquid is swirled so as to generate a gas phase in the vicinity of a swirling center of a swirling flow of the liquid, a first electrode which has at least a portion which is disposed in the treatment tank and comes into contact with the liquid in the treatment tank, a second electrode which is disposed so as to come into contact with the liquid in the treatment tank and a power source which is configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to generate plasma in the gas phase. A reformed liquid is produced in a manner that the plasma is generated in the gas phase so as to form a reformed component, and the formed reformed component is dissolved and dispersed in the liquid.

There is provided a liquid treatment apparatus which includes a treatment tank which generates a gas phase in a swirling flow of liquid, by swirling an introduced liquid and which treats liquid by applying a pulse voltage to a generated gas phase to generate plasma, in which an insulator which is an insulating space forming member is disposed on a wall surface of one end of the treatment tank so as to prevent a swirling flow from being affected, faces the space connected via the through-hole of the insulator, and thus the first electrode is disposed.

An apparatus comprises: a chamber (100) configured to be filled with electrically conductive liquid (102); a first electrode (104) and a second electrode (106) located within the chamber (100); an optical radiation receiver (126); and an electrically conductive contact area (108) of the first electrode (104) and an electrically conductive contact area (110) of the second electrode (106) are configured to be in contact with the liquid (102) of the chamber (100) wherein the electrically conductive contact area (108) of the first electrode (104) is configured to be smaller than the electrically conductive contact area (110) of the second electrode (106). The first electrode (104) and the second electrode (106) are configured to receive electric energy and output the electric energy to the liquid (102) in order to cause substance of the liquid (102) to emit optical radiation at the electrically conductive contact area (108) of the first electrode (104) on the basis of densification of the electric energy due to the smaller electrically conductive contact area (108) of the first electrode (104). The optical radiation receiver (126) is configured to receive the optical radiation for analysis of the liquid (102).

Some embodiments include a plasma source. The plasma source includes: (i) a plasma emitter having a first electrode and a second electrode defining an electrode gap therebetween; (ii) stands disposed adjacent to the electrode gap and the plasma emitter; (iii) emitter openings configured such that shockwaves generated by the plasma source are directed through the emitter openings and radially from the plasma emitter, wherein adjacent emitter openings of the emitter openings are separated from each other by at least one stand of the stands; (iv) an enclosure housing at a distal end of the plasma emitter and having a delivery device configured to introduce a conductor through an opening in the second electrode and into the electrode gap; and a device housing at a proximal end of the plasma emitter and having a transformer, a capacitor unit, and a contactor. Other embodiments of related systems and methods are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method of preventing or treating keloids using a liquid plasma. A liquid plasma according to the present invention is remarkably effective in inhibiting the generation and proliferation of keloids, thus being expected to be greatly utilized for the prevention and treatment of keloids.

This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

Plasma is generated in a gas phase in a processing tub to produce a reforming component, the produced reforming component is dissolved in a liquid and is dispersed in the liquid to produce a reforming liquid, the produced reforming liquid is discharged from the processing tub to be stored in the storage tub, and gas is supplied from a gas supplier into the reforming liquid in the storage tub. The supplied gas has a bubble shape, comes into contact with the reforming liquid stored in the storage tub, and is deodorized.

This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.