A plasma generating apparatus for a secondary battery, including a roller part having a transfer roller configured to transfer a separator and a metal member built in the transfer roller, and a plasma generating part interacting with the metal member to generate plasma and thereby to form a mask that is patterned on a surface of the separator and has a bonding force.

A discharge electrode E in an electrode chamber C comprises a plurality of electrode members 8, 9. The electrode members 8, 9 are disposed facing each other by having a supporting member 4 therebetween, a gap is formed between the facing portions of the electrode members 8, 9, and by having the gap as a gas passageway 15, the gas passageway is opened in the leading end of the discharge electrode. A replacement gas having been supplied from a manifold pipe 3 is supplied to the gas passageway 15 via an orifice.

A connector is configured to electrically connect a plasma emitter array with an identification chip to a power supply controller, and to further mechanically support the emitter device supporting the array during use. Cooperating components of the connector and emitter device form a magnetic latch assembly: the connector includes one or more magnets flush with a top receiving surface of the connector, and one or more alignment pegs extending outward from the receiving surface; the emitter device includes a steel plate attached to a substrate, and one or more holes disposed through the plate and the substrate. The holes align with the alignment pegs and the magnets attract the plate and secure the emitter device against the top receiving surface. Electrical contacts of the connector establish electrical communication with the identification chip, providing power to the emitter device and enabling the controller to read data stored in the identification chip.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a cavitation generation device that includes a dactyl plunger rotatable about an axis between an open position and a closed position and a propus socket having a channel. The propus socket is rigidly mounted below the dactyl plunger, and the dactyl plunger is received into the propus socket when the dactyl plunger is in the closed position. The cavitation generation device can also include a torsion spring that biases the dactyl plunger into contact with the propus socket. In another embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of inducing a cavitation including biasing a dactyl plunger via a torsion spring, and rotating the dactyl plunger, by action of the torsion spring, into a propus socket. The propus socket includes a nozzle-shaped channel. The method further includes ejecting a socket cavity volume through the nozzle-shaped channel thereby inducing a cavitation event.

In a method and device for conversion of water into hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), a corona discharge zone is generated between a first electrode (10) and a second electrode (6) one of which is insulated and another of which is not insulated and wherein a respective surface of each of the electrodes face one another. The first electrode (10) is rotated so as to induce relative rotation between the first electrode and the second electrode; and liquid water is conveyed on to a surface of the first electrode facing the second electrode close to the axis of rotation (4) of the first electrode whereby the liquid water advances outward through the corona discharge zone towards a periphery of the first electrode under the action of centrifugal force caused by rotation of the first electrode.

A miniaturized plasma source includes a stripline split-ring resonator. The split-ring resonator is sandwiched between two dielectric substrates and two metal ground planes. In order to make the plasma accessible from the outside of the ground planes, a hole is made through the gap between the ends of the split ring. The two ground planes act as an electromagnetic shield, protecting the split-ring resonator from electromagnetic interference due to changes in the electric or dielectric environment surrounding it. The miniaturized plasma source is particularly useful in optogalvanic spectroscopy applications.

The present disclosure describes material surface treatment systems and methods for grafting a coded substance (e.g., a molecular code) to a material through a surface treatment process. In some examples, the material is subjected to a plasma discharge containing the molecular code, which is grafted onto the material at the molecular level thereby having little or no impact on the properties of the treated material.

An array of non-thermal plasma emitters is controlled to emit plasma based on application of an electric current at desired frequencies and a controlled power level. A power supply for an array controller includes a transformer that operates at the resonant frequency of the combined capacitance of the array and the cable connecting the array to the power supply. The power into the array is monitored by the controller and can be adjusted by the user. The controller monitors reflected power characteristics, such as harmonics of the alternating current, to determine initiation voltage of the plasma and/or resonant frequency plasma emitters. The array of non-thermal plasma emitters may be used in therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or medical sanitization applications, including where a non-thermal plasma treatment regimen is prescribed.

An array of non-thermal plasma emitters is controlled to emit plasma based on application of an electric current at desired frequencies and a controlled power level. A power supply for an array controller includes a transformer that operates at the resonant frequency of the combined capacitance of the array and the cable connecting the array to the power supply. The power into the array is monitored by the controller and can be adjusted by the user. The controller monitors reflected power characteristics, such as harmonics of the alternating current, to determine initiation voltage of the plasma and/or resonant frequency plasma emitters. The array of non-thermal plasma emitters may be used in therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or medical sanitization applications, including for treatment of infectious diseases using the disclosed protocols.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a cavitation generation device that includes a dactyl plunger rotatable about an axis between an open position and a closed position and a propus socket having a channel. The propus socket is rigidly mounted below the dactyl plunger, and the dactyl plunger is received into the propus socket when the dactyl plunger is in the closed position. The cavitation generation device can also include a torsion spring that biases the dactyl plunger into contact with the propus socket. In another embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of inducing a cavitation including biasing a dactyl plunger via a torsion spring, and rotating the dactyl plunger, by action of the torsion spring, into a propus socket. The propus socket includes a nozzle-shaped channel. The method further includes ejecting a socket cavity volume through the nozzle-shaped channel thereby inducing a cavitation event.