In one embodiment, there is provided a method of manufacturing an organic layer. The method includes: forming an organic material solution layer on a substrate; and heating, by a directional heat source assembly, at least a first portion of organic material solution of the organic material solution layer that is inside a to-be-treated area of the substrate, to increase an evaporation rate of the first portion of the organic material solution, whereby, reducing a thickness difference, due to different evaporation rates of the first portion of the organic material solution and a second portion of the organic material solution of the organic material solution layer that is outside the to-be-treated area of the substrate, of the organic layer that is cured from the organic material solution layer.

A ferroelectric enhanced solar cell, including a conductive substrate, and a hole blocking layer, a mesoporous nanocrystalline layer, a mesoporous spacer layer and a mesoporous back electrode sequentially deposited in that order on the conductive substrate. The mesopores of at least one of the mesoporous nanocrystalline layer, the mesoporous spacer layer and the mesoporous back electrode are filled with a photoactive material. At least one of the hole blocking layer, the mesoporous nanocrystalline layer and the mesoporous spacer layer includes a ferroelectric material or a ferroelectric nanocomposite.

Disclosed is an organic light-emission device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and the light-emission layer interposed therebetween, wherein the light-emission layer contains a mesogenic polymer-based light-emission material and a chiral dopant, wherein the light-emission layer has one face facing the first electrode and an opposite face facing the second electrode, wherein molecules of the mesogenic polymer-based light-emission material in the one face are orientated in a first predetermined direction, while molecules of the mesogenic polymer-based light-emission material in the opposite face are orientated in a second predetermined direction different from the first predetermined direction, wherein an angle of the second predetermined direction relative to the first predetermined direction is defined as a twisted angle, and wherein molecules of the mesogenic polymer-based light-emission material are vertically arranged in a spirally twisted manner within the twisted angle between the one and opposite faces of the light-emission layer to form a twisted structure.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of making Pb-free perovskites for short-wave IR (SWIR) devices and to various Pb-free perovskite materials disclosed herein. The perovskites disclosed herein have improved chemical stability and long-term stability, while the production methods disclosed herein have improved safety and lower cost.

This composition for forming a charge-transporting thin film, which contains an organic solvent and a charge-transporting substance precursor that has a 9-t-butoxycarbonyl carbazole structure in the molecule, yields a thin film that exhibits excellent charge transport properties even when firing is performed at a low temperature. As pertains to the charge-transporting substance precursor, the composition can be prepared using a low-polarity solvent that causes less damage to a substrate or a member comprising an organic compound than is the case with a high-polarity amide-based solvent, etc.

A method for preparing an inorganic perovskite battery based on a synergistic effect of gradient annealing and antisolvent includes preparing a perovskite layer by a gradient annealing and an antisolvent treatment. A thickness of the perovskite layer is 100 to 1000 nm; when preparing a perovskite precursor solution of the perovskite layer, a solvent is an amide-based solvent and/or a sulfone-based solvent; a concentration of the perovskite precursor solution for preparing the perovskite layer is 0.4 to 2 M; and the gradient annealing is conducted at 40 to 70° C./0.5 to 5 min+70 to 130° C./0.5 to 5 min+130 to 160° C./5 to 20 min+160 to 280° C./0 to 20 min; and a solvent for the anti-solvent treatment is an alcohol solvent, a benzene solvent or an ether solvent.

The present invention relates to formulations for the preparation of organic electronic devices which comprise at least one specific ketone solvent containing a non aromatic cycle and at least one organic functional material, preferably selected from organic conductors, organic semiconductors, organic fluorescent compounds, organic phosphorescent compounds, organic light-absorbent compounds, organic light-sensitive compounds, organic photosensitisation agents and other organic photoactive compounds, selected from organometallic complexes of transition metals, rare earths, lanthanides and actinides.

A phosphorescent light-emitting compound of formula (I): wherein: M is Pd(II) or Pt(II); Ar.sup.1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic group; R.sup.2—R.sup.4 in each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of: C.sub.1-20 alkyl wherein one or more non-adjacent, non-terminal C atoms may be replaced with O, S, .CO or COO and one or more H atoms may be replaced with F; a group of formula (Ar.sup.2)p wherein p is at least 1 and Ar.sup.2 in each occurrence is independently a C.sub.6-20 aryl or a 5-20 membered heteroaryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents; and and R.sup.1 is a group of formula (Ar.sup.2)P wherein at least one Ar.sup.2 is a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring having C and N ring atoms. The compound of formula (I) may be used as a light-emitting material in a near infrared organic light-emitting device.

##STR00001##

Provided herein is a sequentially processed fabrication method involving donor-acceptor conjugated polymers with temperature dependent aggregation (TDA) useful for the preparation of organic semiconductors with improved properties.

The present disclosure describes a method of crosslinking fluoroelastomers, or more precisely thermally-crosslinkable fluorine-containing polymers, and to devices such as OTFTs (organic thin film transistors) incorporating such polymers. In some embodiments, a method comprises mixing: a solvent, a thermally crosslinkable fluorine-containing polymer, and one or more organic bases to form a mixed solution. The mixed solution is deposited over a substrate to form a first layer. The first layer is then crosslinked by thermal treatment to form a crosslinked first layer. The polymer is selected from: homopolymers of vinylidene fluoride; and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with fluorine-containing ethylenic monomers. The one or more organic bases each have a pKa of 10 to 14.