A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

The solar cell of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, an intermediate layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode in this order, wherein the hole transport layer includes a hole transport material and an oxidant, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite compound containing iodine, and the intermediate layer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of bromide, chloride, and fluoride.

A tandem photovoltaic device includes a silicon photovoltaic cell having a silicon layer, a perovskite photovoltaic cell having a perovskite layer, and an intermediate layer between a rear side of the perovskite photovoltaic cell and a front (sunward) side of the silicon photovoltaic cell. The front side of the silicon layer has a textured surface, with a peak-to-valley height of structures in the textured surface of less than 1 μm or less than 2 μm. The textured surface is planarized by the intermediate layer or a layer of the perovskite photovoltaic cell. Forming the tandem photovoltaic device includes texturing a silicon containing layer of a silicon photovoltaic cell and operatively coupling a perovskite photovoltaic cell comprising a perovskite layer to the silicon photovoltaic cell, thereby forming a tandem photovoltaic device and planarizing the textured surface of the silicon containing layer of the silicon photovoltaic cell.

Structures and methods for manufacturing photovoltaic devices by forming perovskite layers and perovskite precursor layers using vapor transport deposition (VTD) are described.

A solar cell module according to the present disclosure includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a solar cell, an intermediate layer, and a first sealing layer. The first sealing layer is disposed between a peripheral portion of the first substrate and a peripheral portion of the second substrate and seals the solar cell and the intermediate layer in an area between the first substrate and the second substrate. The solar cell has a laminate structure including a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode. The intermediate layer is not adhered to the main surface of the solar cell. A softening temperature T1 of a material of the intermediate layer is higher than a softening temperature T2 of a material of the first sealing layer.

The present application relates to copper-doped double perovskites, for example, copper-doped double perovskites of the formula (I) and to uses thereof, for example as low-bandgap materials such as a semiconducting material in a device. The present application also relates to methods of tuning the bandgap of a Cs.sub.2SbAgZ.sub.6 double perovskite (for example, wherein Z is Cl) comprising doping the double perovskite with copper.
Cs.sub.2Sb.sub.1-aAg.sub.1-bCu.sub.2xZ.sub.6  (I)

The present disclosure discloses metal oxide nanoparticle ink, a method of preparing the same, a metal oxide nanoparticle thin film manufactured using the same, and a photoelectric device using the same. The method of preparing metal oxide nanoparticle ink according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a step of, using a ligand solution including a metal oxide and an organic ligand, synthesizing a first nanoparticle that is a metal oxide nanoparticle surrounded with the organic ligand; a step of preparing a dispersion solution by dispersing the first nanoparticle in a solvent; a step of preparing a second nanoparticle by mixing the dispersion solution and a pH-adjusted alcohol solvent and then performing ultrasonication treatment to remove the organic ligand surrounding the first nanoparticle; and a step of preparing metal oxide nanoparticle ink by dispersing the second nanoparticle in a dispersion solvent.

An photoelectric conversion element in the disclosure is characterized by including: a first conductive layer; a porous hole-blocking layer disposed on the first conductive layer; a porous insulator layer disposed on the porous hole-blocking layer; photoabsorption layers disposed in a pore of the porous hole-blocking layer and in a pore of the porous insulator layer and containing an organic-based photoelectric conversion material; an electron-blocking layer disposed on the porous insulator layer; and a second conductive layer disposed on the electron-blocking layer.

The present disclosure provides a photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode 3, a second electrode 7, a photoelectric conversion layer 5 between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 7, and a reflection layer 6 between one of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 7 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5. The wavelength at which the reflectance of the reflection layer 6 is maximum in the visible region is within the range of wavelengths in which the optical absorption coefficient of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 is ⅕ or more of the maximum optical absorption coefficient in the visible region.

Provided are a composite that can be suitably used as an electrolyte for polymer-based solid-state batteries and is excellent in oxidation resistance and flame retardancy, and various electrochemical devices using such a composite. The composite contains a fluorine-containing copolymer that comprises a tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) unit and a vinylidene fluoride (VdF) unit, and an alkali metal salt, wherein the total content of the TFE unit and the VdF unit in the fluorine-containing copolymer is 1 to 99 mol %, and the composite has a volatile content of 0.1 mass % or less with respect to the entire composite.