The present disclosure relates to a device that includes an active layer and a first charge transport layer, where the first charge transport layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer is in contact with the second layer, the second layer is positioned between the first layer and the active layer, the first layer comprises a first carbon nanostructure, and the second layer includes a second carbon nanostructure.

The application discloses a solar cell component including at least two chip sets connected in series, wherein each chip set includes a plurality of chip units connected in parallel and a bypass diode connected in parallel with the chip units, each chip unit includes one or more photovoltaic chips connected in series, positive poles of the bypass diodes are connected with negative poles of the chip units, and negative poles of the bypass diodes are connected with positive poles of the chip units. The application further provides a solar panel with the solar cell component. The application not only can reduce the number of the bypass diodes, but also can improve economy of the product.

The application discloses a solar cell component including at least two chip sets connected in series, wherein each chip set includes a plurality of chip units connected in parallel and a bypass diode connected in parallel with the chip units, each chip unit includes one or more photovoltaic chips connected in series, positive poles of the bypass diodes are connected with negative poles of the chip units, and negative poles of the bypass diodes are connected with positive poles of the chip units. The application further provides a solar panel with the solar cell component. The application not only can reduce the number of the bypass diodes, but also can improve economy of the product.

A shingled photovoltaic module with bypass diodes, includes four regions. Each region includes a plurality of cell strings consisting of crystalline silicon cells or crystalline silicon slice cells; the cell strings in the each region are connected in parallel with each other, and circuits between the regions are connected in series with each other; a first region and a second region are protected by one bypass diode, and a third region and a fourth region are protected by another bypass diode; the bypass diodes are positioned in a central part of the module; and positive electrode and negative electrode cables of the module are led out from a junction box which is located on a back side of the module and is close to an edge of the module.

In an example, the present invention provides a method of separating a photovoltaic strip from a solar cell. The method includes providing a solar cell, placing the front side of the solar cell on a platen such that the backside is facing a laser source, initiating a laser source to output a laser beam having a wavelength from 200 to 600 nanometers and a spot size of 18 to 30 microns, subjecting a portion of the backside to the laser beam at a power level ranging from about 20 Watts to about 35 Watts to cause an ablation to form a scribe region having a depth, width, and a length, the depth being from 40% to 60% of a thickness of the solar cell, the width being between 16 and 35 microns to create a plurality of scribe regions spatially disposed on the backside of the solar cell.

In an example, the present invention provides a method of separating a photovoltaic strip from a solar cell. The method includes providing a solar cell, placing the front side of the solar cell on a platen such that the backside is facing a laser source, initiating a laser source to output a laser beam having a wavelength from 200 to 600 nanometers and a spot size of 18 to 30 microns, subjecting a portion of the backside to the laser beam at a power level ranging from about 20 Watts to about 35 Watts to cause an ablation to form a scribe region having a depth, width, and a length, the depth being from 40% to 60% of a thickness of the solar cell, the width being between 16 and 35 microns to create a plurality of scribe regions spatially disposed on the backside of the solar cell.

The quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) includes a photoelectrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte sandwiched between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode. The photoelectrode is formed from a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) layer, a cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dot sensitizer layer, and a tin dioxide (SnO.sub.2) nanograss layer sandwiched between the titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) layer and the cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dot sensitizer layer.

A solar cell module, having at least four module segments and a plurality of bypass elements. Each module segment includes at least two solar cell strings connected in parallel and each string includes multiple solar cells connected in series and the four module segments are connected in series. The second and third module segments are connected in series between first and fourth module segments and the four module segments are arranged in two parallel series, having a first series which includes the first and the second module segment and a second series which includes the third and the fourth module segment. A first bypass element is connected in parallel to the first module segment, a second bypass element is connected in parallel to the second and third module segments connected in series, and a third bypass element is connected in parallel to the fourth module segment.

A solar cell module, having at least four module segments and a plurality of bypass elements. Each module segment includes at least two solar cell strings connected in parallel and each string includes multiple solar cells connected in series and the four module segments are connected in series. The second and third module segments are connected in series between first and fourth module segments and the four module segments are arranged in two parallel series, having a first series which includes the first and the second module segment and a second series which includes the third and the fourth module segment. A first bypass element is connected in parallel to the first module segment, a second bypass element is connected in parallel to the second and third module segments connected in series, and a third bypass element is connected in parallel to the fourth module segment.

A solar cell assembly (200) is presented. The solar cell assembly includes one or more solar cell units (211) coupled in series. The solar cell unit includes a first solar cell series (221) and a second solar cell series (222) connected in parallel. The first and second solar cell series include a plurality of solar cells (202) connecting in series respectively. The solar cell assembly also includes a by-pass diode (201) coupled to each solar cell unit and shared between the first and second solar cell series in each solar cell unit.