Systems and methods are provided for a redox flow battery. In one example, a method for the redox flow battery includes operating the redox flow battery in a short-term idle mode by discharging a current density as a pulse of a duration shorter than a duration of the short term idle mode. By discharging the current density, a plating surface at a negative electrode of the redox flow battery system may be maintained.

An all-solid-state battery including a laminated body in which a positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector layer and a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode having a negative electrode current collector layer and a negative electrode active material layer, are laminated with a solid electrolyte layer therebetween; a pair of a positive external electrode and a negative external electrode provided on one of pairs of side surfaces of the laminated body facing each other; wherein the positive electrode current collector layer is bonded to the positive external electrode and the negative electrode current collector layer is bonded to the negative external electrode; the thickness of a portion of at least one of the positive electrode current collector layer and the negative electrode current collector layer which is bonded to the positive external electrode or the negative external electrode is thicker than the other portion.

A power storage device includes a pair of holding plates, several ribs and thin-walled portions. The ribs includes first ribs inclined to an extending direction of a first edge and an extending direction of a second edge and extending along straight lines connecting first engaging portions and second engaging portions, and second ribs extending along a facing direction in which the first edge and the second edge face each other. At least first ribs extend in different directions from each other and form an intersection where the at least two first ribs intersect with each other. At least one of the second ribs has opposite ends connected to the first ribs intersecting with each other.

A bipolar lead storage battery includes a plurality of cell members laminated on one another, inner frames that each include a bipolar plate provided between the cell members, and a frame member (a rim) provided in an outer peripheral portion of the bipolar plate to rise in a thickness direction of the bipolar plate. The bipolar lead storage battery also includes a pair of outer frames respectively placed at opposite end portions in a lamination direction. The inner frames or the outer frames are made of fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin. The arrangement restrains deformation of an inner frame or an outer frame due to the pressure inside a cell and allows a reduced thickness of the inner frame or the outer frame.

A lead alloy usable to manufacture a lead storage battery electrode the with easily predictable growth is described. The diffraction intensity determined by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy in a crystal orientation {211}<111> in a pole figure using an X-ray diffraction method is five or less times the diffraction intensity determined by analyzing powder of pure lead in a random orientation in a pole figure using the X-ray diffraction method.

Although silicon-oxide based particles have stable capacity and high cycling efficiency as anode active material, they are known to suffer significant capacity loss during the first battery cycles. The addition of lithium silicate may help to mitigate the initial capacity loss, but it has been difficult to produce such anodes. During battery manufacture cell components are exposed to water, and lithium silicate is water soluble. As lithium silicate dissolves, the pH of the water increases, which can etch silicon, degrading the anode active material. Such degradation can be mitigated by doping lithium silicate with multivalent elements or by converting some silicon to metal silicide before water processing. Doping of lithium silicate makes it less soluble in water. And metal silicide is not as easily etched as silicon. While retaining the excellent capacity and stability of silicon-oxide based material, these methods and the structures they produce have been shown to increase the effective energy density of batteries that employ such structures by offsetting capacity loss in the first cycles.

The present invention provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for use in static or non-flowing rechargeable electrochemical cells or batteries, wherein the electrolyte comprises a first deep eutectic solvent comprises a zinc salt, a second deep eutectic solvent comprising one or more quaternary ammonium salts, and a hydrogen bond donor. Another aspect of the present invention also provides a non-flowing rechargeable electrochemical cell that employs the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention.

Although silicon-oxide based particles have stable capacity and high cycling efficiency as anode active material, they are known to suffer significant capacity loss during the first battery cycles. The addition of lithium silicate may help to mitigate the initial capacity loss, but it has been difficult to produce such anodes. During battery manufacture cell components are exposed to water, and lithium silicate is water soluble. As lithium silicate dissolves, the pH of the water increases, which can etch silicon, degrading the anode active material. Such degradation can be mitigated by doping lithium silicate with multivalent elements or by converting some silicon to metal silicide before water processing. Doping of lithium silicate makes it less soluble in water. And metal silicide is not as easily etched as silicon. While retaining the excellent capacity and stability of silicon-oxide based material, these methods and the structures they produce have been shown to increase the effective energy density of batteries that employ such structures by offsetting capacity loss in the first cycles.

A bipolar electrode for a bipolar lead-acid battery includes a base plate with a conduction through hole, a positive electrode stuck to a first surface of the base plate with an adhesion layer, and a negative electrode stuck to a second surface of the base plate with an adhesion layer. The bipolar electrode includes a conductor disposed in the through hole and has a bonding portion to which the positive electrode is electrically bonded on a first surface of the conductor and has a bonding portion to which the negative electrode is electrically bonded on a second surface of the conductor. The conductor has a projecting portion surrounding the periphery of the bonding portion on both the first surface and the second surface. By preventing contamination of the bonding portion with an adhesive, the bonding reliability between a positive electrode lead layer and a negative electrode lead layer is improved.

A bipolar electrode for a bipolar lead-acid battery includes a substrate (bipolar plate) in which a through hole for conduction is formed, a positive electrode bonded to one surface of the substrate with an adhesive layer, and a negative electrode bonded to another surface of the substrate with an adhesive layer. The substrate has, on each of the one surface and the other surface, a projecting portion surrounding an outer circumference of the through hole as an entry avoidance structure. The bipolar lead-acid battery includes multiple layers of the bipolar electrodes. By preventing adhesive from entering a through hole for conduction formed in a bipolar plate, the reliability of joining between a positive-electrode lead layer and a negative-electrode lead layer is improved.