A battery comprises a first polarity terminal that is attached via a first insulating member to an opening of an outer case. A first polarity plate includes: a first core formed of a conductive material; and a first active material layer. A first drawn-out portion is formed from a side of the first core on the first polarity terminal side thereof being drawn further out than a side of the first active material layer on the first polarity terminal side thereof. The first drawn-out portion includes a first bent portion that is bent towards the radially inner or outer side of the electrode body. A first surface of a first polarity collector plate contacts the surface of the first bent portion on the first polarity terminal side, and the first polarity terminal connects directly or via a conductive member to a second surface of the first polarity collector plate.

The present invention provides an anion exchange resin capable of producing an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a binder for forming an electrode catalyst layer and a battery electrode catalyst layer. The anion exchange resin of the present invention has a hydrophobic unit, a hydrophilic unit and divalent fluorine-containing groups. The hydrophobic unit has divalent hydrophobic groups composed of one aromatic ring or a plurality of aromatic rings that are repeated via carbon-carbon bond. The hydrophilic unit has divalent hydrophilic groups composed of one aromatic ring or a plurality of aromatic rings, at least one of which has an anion exchange group, that are repeated via carbon-carbon bond. The divalent fluorine-containing groups have a specific structure and are bonded via carbon-carbon bond to the hydrophobic unit and/or the hydrophilic unit and/or a moiety other than these units.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid or plastic crystal comprising an anion and a cation, the anion comprising [C(SO.sub.2F).sub.3].sup.−, and the cation comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMI].sup.+), N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium ([DEME].sup.+), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium ([Py.sub.13].sup.+), N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium ([PP.sub.13].sup.+), tetramethylammonium ([N.sub.1111].sup.+), tetraethylammonium ([N.sub.2222].sup.+), trimethylhexylammonium ([N.sub.6111].sup.+), triethylhexylammonium ([N.sub.6222].sup.+), N-methyl-ethylpyrrolidinium ([Py.sub.12].sup.+), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C.sub.4mim].sup.+), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C.sub.6mim].sup.+).

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein a negative electrode includes a negative electrode mixture layer having a thickness T and a negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material includes carbon and Si-containing materials, wherein when the negative electrode mixture layer is divided into a first region having a thickness of T/2 on the surface side of the negative electrode and a second region having a thickness of T/2 on the negative electrode collector side, a mass ratio of the first to the second composite material contained in the first region is >1, a mass ratio of the first composite to the second composite material contained in the second region is <1, and, in a fully charged condition, an open circuit potential of the negative electrode is 0 V or more and 70 mV or less with respect to a lithium metal.

This electrochemical element for a battery, comprising a first electrode of a first polarity, a first terminal of the first polarity, a second electrode of a second polarity, a second terminal of the second polarity, and a casing comprising a first wall and a second wall. The first wall and the second wall each comprise a base body of metal and an electrically insulating layer. The electrically insulating layer comprises either a plastic coating or a layer resulting from a surface treatment. Each of the base bodies comprises a base body edge. The edges of the base bodies are joined by a weld bead to form the casing. At the location of the weld bead, the base bodies are free of the electrically insulating layer.

Provided is a secondary battery including an electrode assembly and an electrolyte enclosed in an exterior case. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The secondary battery includes a spacer positioned between the electrode assembly and an exterior case, and the electrode assembly includes current collecting tabs of a positive electrode and a negative electrode each protruding from the same end face. The spacer is positioned between an end face, of the electrode assembly, from which the current collecting tab protrudes and the exterior case, and at least one of the current collecting tabs of the positive electrode or the negative electrode has a bent shape between the electrode assembly and the spacer.

A battery comprises a first polarity terminal that is attached via a first insulating member to an opening of an outer case. A first polarity plate includes: a first core formed of a conductive material; and a first active material layer. A first drawn-out portion is formed from a side of the first core on the first polarity terminal side thereof being drawn further out than a side of the first active material layer on the first polarity terminal side thereof. The first drawn-out portion includes a first bent portion that is bent towards the radially inner or outer side of the electrode body. A first surface of a first polarity collector plate contacts the surface of the first bent portion on the first polarity terminal side, and the first polarity terminal connects directly or via a conductive member to a second surface of the first polarity collector plate.

An active material has a favorable capacity property. The active material is to be used for a fluoride ion battery, the active material including a crystal phase having a perovskite structure, and represented by ABO.sub.3 or a fluoride of the ABO.sub.3, in which the A and the B are different metal elements; the A includes at least one kind of a metal element belonging to Group 2 and Group 3 in the periodic table; and the B includes at least one kind of a transition metal element belonging to Period 4 to Period 6 in the periodic table.

Provided is an electrode for a secondary cell capable of obtaining excellent output values and input values when used in the secondary cell. The electrode for a secondary cell is formed of an electrode mixture layer molded body formed of an active material and at least one of a carbon nanotube and a three-dimensional carbon nanotube fiber bundle skeleton formed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes that intersect one another to form an aggregation, which are in intimate contact with the surface of the active material; and a current collector layered on the electrode mixture layer molded body. The electrode mixture layer molded body includes a first roughened surface, and the current collector includes a second roughened surface. The first roughened surface of the electrode mixture layer molded body and the second roughened surface of the current collector are pressed and attached to each other.

In some implementations, the anode includes a current collector, a first anode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector, and a second anode mixture layer formed on the first anode mixture layer. The first anode mixture layer and the second anode mixture layer include a carbon-based active material, respectively. The first anode mixture layer includes a first binder, a first silicon-based active material, and a first conductive material. The second anode mixture layer includes a second binder, a second silicon-based active material, and a second conductive material. Contents of the first conductive material and the second conductive material are different from each other with respect to the total combined weight of the first anode mixture layer and the second anode mixture layer. Types of the first silicon-based active material and the second silicon-based active material are different from each other.