Provided herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods of providing electrical energy for electric vehicles. A battery pack can be disposed in an electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle. A battery cell can be arranged in the battery pack. The battery cell can have a housing. The housing can define a cavity within the housing. The battery cell can have an electrode structure arranged within the cavity. The electrode structure can include a first polarity electrode plate, a second polarity electrode plate, and at least one separator. First and second polarity tabs are coupled with the first and second polarity electrode plates, respectively. The tabs include a flat surface, an electrode interface surface and at least one intermediate surface that extends therebetween. The at least one intermediate surface forms an acute angle with the electrode interface surface.

A hybrid energy storage device has at least two half cells, wherein each half cell includes an electrode comprising an electrically conductive high surface area material incorporating an electrolyte comprising a dissolved species that can exist in more than two redox states, and at least one separator that separates the at least two half cells and allows transfer of selected charge carriers between the half cells. After an initial charging, a redox pair of one half cell is different from the redox pair of the other half cell. The hybrid energy storage device operates as a battery for low power applications, and as a supercapacitor for high power applications. The hybrid energy storage device may be flexible.

An integrated bipolar electrode includes a laminated structure and a bipolar plate. The laminated structure is formed by interconnecting an anode active material layer with a cathode active material layer. The bipolar plate is sandwiched in a hollow cavity of the laminated structure. Side surfaces of the laminated structure are provided with a sealing layer for mating with a bipolar electrode fixing frame to prevent an anolyte and a catholyte from permeating into each other. The anode active material layer and the cathode active material layer in the integrated bipolar electrode are directly connected. A contact resistance between the anode active material layer and the cathode active material layer is quite low, and a battery prepared finally has better performances.

A flow battery field, an electrode slurry, a slurry electrode, a flow battery, and a stack are disclosed. The electrode slurry comprising electrode particles and electrolyte that contains active substance. Based on 100 pbw active substance, the electrode particles are 10-1,000 pbw. The slurry electrode comprises: a bipolar plate, a current collector, and a slurry electrode reservoir configured to store electrode slurry. In the two opposite sides of the bipolar plate, one side is adjacent to the current collector, and the other side is arranged with a slurry electrode cavity, and flow channels are arranged and extended between the bipolar plate and the slurry electrode cavity, so that the electrode slurry is circulated between the slurry electrode cavity and the slurry electrode reservoir. A flow battery that employs the electrode slurry can provide higher and more stable power output under the same current condition and is lower in cost.

A bipolar battery may comprise first, second, and third bipolar electrodes that are physically and electrically isolated from one another by intervening non-liquid electrolyte layers. Each of the bipolar electrodes may comprise a bipolar current collector including a first electroactive material layer connected to a first side thereof and a second electroactive material layer connected to a second side thereof. Each electroactive material layer may comprise at least one of: (i) a lithium ion battery positive electrode material, (ii) a lithium ion battery negative electrode material, and/or (iii) a capacitor electrode material. At least one of the electroactive material layers comprises a capacitor electrode material.

An electrochemical device including a bipolar current collector. The bipolar current collector is hermetically connected to an outer package. Cavities independent of each other are formed on two opposite sides of the bipolar current collector. Each cavity contains an electrode assembly and an electrolytic solution. An electrode active material is disposed on at least one surface of the bipolar current collector. Adjacent electrode assemblies are connected in series. The electrochemical device according to this application not only improves the safety of the electrochemical device, but the electrode active material on the surface of the bipolar current collector also participates in a reaction process in the electrochemical device, so that the electrochemical device achieves both a high-voltage output and a relatively high energy density.

The disclosure relates to an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising a first electrode having a first active material formed on a side; a second electrode having a side facing the first active material and having a second active material formed on both sides; and a third electrode having a side facing the other side of the second electrode and having a third active material formed on a side or both sides, wherein a capacity ratio of a positive electrode to a negative electrode (N/P ratio) of each active material formed on adjacent current collectors is 1.0 to 1.2.

In the manufacture of pasted current collectors for bipolar batteries, a method of making pasted substrates includes several steps. The substrates can be a plastic sheet, an embedded plastic mesh, a metal mesh, an absorbent glass mat (AGM), or some other material. One step involves applying paste material to an elongate strip of substrate material. Another step involves cutting the elongate strip of substrate material into multiple individual substrates. Further steps can involve punching via a rotary punch, crush cutting, ultrasonic cutting, concealing lateral sections via folding, and/or using one or more mask overlays.

A bipolar electrode for a lithium battery, the bipolar electrode comprising: (a) a current collector comprising a conductive material foil having two opposing primary surfaces, wherein one or both of the primary surfaces is optionally coated with a layer of graphene or expanded graphite material having a thickness from 5 nm to 50 μm; and (b) a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer respectively disposed on the two primary surfaces, wherein the positive electrode layer comprises a mixture of particles of a cathode active material and a quasi-solid or solid-state electrolyte and the electrolyte comprises a polymer, which is a polymerization or crosslinking product of a reactive additive, wherein the reactive additive comprises (i) a first liquid solvent that is polymerizable, (ii) an initiator or curing agent, and (iii) a lithium salt. Also provided is a bipolar battery comprising a plurality of bipolar electrodes connected in series.

A bipolar electrode for a lithium battery, the bipolar electrode comprising: (a) a current collector comprising a conductive material foil having two opposing primary surfaces, wherein one or both of the primary surfaces is optionally coated with a layer of graphene or expanded graphite material; and (b) a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer respectively deposited on the two primary surfaces, wherein the positive electrode layer comprises a mixture of particles of a cathode active material and a quasi-solid or solid-state electrolyte and the electrolyte comprises a nitrile and a polymer, which is a polymerization or crosslinking product of a reactive additive comprising (i) a first liquid solvent that is polymerizable, (ii) an initiator or a curing agent, and (iii) a lithium salt. Also provided is a bipolar battery that comprises a plurality of bipolar electrodes connected in series.