An electrode terminal having high corrosion resistance for a secondary battery includes, a base layer which is made of a conductive material, and a first coating layer which is formed on a surface of the base layer, wherein the first coating layer has a higher corrosion resistance than the base layer, the first coating layer is formed by electroplating, the first coating layer is made of a material containing a metal material and a non-metal material, and the non-metal material of the first coating layer is contained in a smaller amount than the metal material.

A method for manufacturing a nickel-metal hydride battery includes: a first step of preparing a first nickel-metal hydride battery having a positive electrode including nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH).sub.2); and a second step of manufacturing the second nickel-metal hydride battery by performing 600% overcharging to the prepared first nickel-metal hydride battery. The 600% overcharging is a process for supplying the first nickel-metal hydride battery with an amount of electric power of 600% of the rated capacity of the first nickel-metal hydride battery.

Metal alloy layers on substrates. The metal-alloy layers (e.g., lithium-metal layers, sodium-metal layers, and magnesium-metal layers) can be disposed on, for example, a solid-state electrolyte material. The metal-alloy layers can be used in, for example, solid-state batteries. A metal alloy layer can be an anode or part of an anode of a solid state battery.

The present invention relates to a copper foil current collector having superior adhesion to an active material of a Li secondary battery. The electrolytic copper foil of the present invention having a first surface and a second surface comprises: a first protective layer at the first surface; a second protective layer at the second surface; and a copper film between the first and second protective layers, wherein an oxygen-containing part at the second surface has a thickness (OT) of not less than 1.5 nm. According to the present invention, an electrolytic copper foil current collector for a Li secondary battery, which has low electric resistance and high adhesion to an active material, can be provided.

Embodiments described herein relate to electrode and electrochemical cell material recycling. Recycling electrode materials can save significant costs, both for quenching chemicals and for the costs of the materials themselves. Separation processes described herein include centrifuge separation, settler separation, flocculant separation, froth flotation, hydro cyclone, vibratory screening, air classification, and magnetic separation. In some embodiments, methods described herein can include any combination of froth flotation, air classification, and magnetic separation. In some embodiments, electrolyte can be separated from active and/or conductive materials via drying, subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, solvent mass extraction (e.g., with non-aqueous or aqueous solvents), and/or freeze-drying. By applying these separation processes, high purity raw products can be isolated. These products can be re-used or sold to a third party. Processes described herein are scalable to large cell production facilities.

The invention relates to a supply circuit of the cathode (250) of at least one electrochemical cell (200) of the PEMFC type, which further comprises a membrane (290) separating an anode (210) and said cathode (250), with this circuit comprising: a supply channel (220) comprising an inlet (282) and making it possible to convey a fluid (90) in contact with the cathode (250); a discharge channel (280) that makes it possible to remove gases from the cell, a recirculation channel (100, 100), comprising: a first opening (102) connected to the outlet (284) of the discharge channel (280); a second opening (104) connected to the inlet (282) of the supply channel (280), by the intermediary of a connector (80); a third opening (106) and means for removing (140) that allow at least one portion of the fluid (90) to be removed from the recirculation channel by the third opening (106), the recirculation channel (100, 100) and/or the supply channel further comprising at least one compressor (C1, C2), which makes it possible to control the flow rates and/or the proportion of the fluids to be mixed in the connector.

Electrodeposited copper foils possessing properties for manufacturing lithium ion rechargeable secondary batteries are described, including methods of making the electrodeposited copper foils, methods for making the battery, and the resultant battery. The electrodeposited copper foils have a specific burst strength in the range of 1.5 to 4.3 kPa*m.sup.2/g and a tensile strength in the range of 30 to 40 kgf/mm.sup.2. The deposited side of the electrodeposited copper foil has a surface hardness in the range of 0.2 to about 2.0 Gpa by nano indentation analysis to resist wrinkling during pressing of the active materials on the electrodeposited copper foil. The foil exhibits reduced copper burr formation and burr size after clipping.

Disclosed is a method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery being excellent in cycle characteristics. The production method may be a method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery, wherein the method comprises an anode mixture forming step of obtaining an anode mixture by drying a raw material for an anode mixture, which contains an anode active material, a solid electrolyte and an electroconductive material; and wherein, for the anode mixture after being dried in the anode mixture forming step, a voidage V of the inside of the anode mixture calculated by the following formula (1) is 43% or more and 54% or less:
V=100(D.sub.1/D.sub.0)100Formula (1).

In accordance with the principles of the present invention, a system and method for the management of the power applied to electrolytic cell is provided. The power management consists a constant current regulation, H-bridge control by pulse width modulation (PWM), and dimming control of the applied current to the electrolytic cell. The constant current regulation is an analog control that maintains the applied current at a user-defined current setpoint. The time scale of constant current regulation ranges from tenth of microseconds to milliseconds. The PWM control of the H-bridge allows for the instant adjustment of the electrolytic production output by turning the cell on and off; the time scale of the PWM control ranges from tenths of milliseconds to seconds. The dimming control allows the change of the applied constant current; the time scale of the dimming control ranges from milliseconds to hours and longer.

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal electrodes for electrochemical cells. In various embodiments, the electrodes may comprise iron. Various methods may enable achieving high surface area with low cost for production of metal electrodes, such as iron electrodes.