Provided is a negative electrode plate. A negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a first coating layer arranged on a surface of the negative current collector. The negative electrode plate further includes a second coating layer arranged on a surface of the first coating layer. The first coating layer contains a negative electrode active material. The second coating layer contains a heat-resistant insulating material. The heat-resistant insulating material is selected from an oxide or a hydroxide containing at least one of elements selected from a group consisting of Mg, Si, Zr and Y. In the present application, the second coating layer containing the heat-resistant insulating material is coated on a surface of the conventional negative electrode active material layer, so an instantaneous high power discharge in a short circuit of the secondary battery can be avoided, and a safety performance of the battery can be improved.

An organic expander for lead storage batteries contains sulfomethylated kraft lignin. The sulfomethylated kraft lignin has an organic S content of 1.5 to 3.8% by mass.

Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

The present disclosure relates to surface-modified carbon hybrid particles in agglomerated form, methods for making such surface-modified carbon hybrid particles and their use, for example as conductive additives. The surface-modified carbon hybrid particles are characterized by a high surface area and a high mesopore content. The disclosure also pertains to methods for making dispersions of such compounds in a liquid medium in the presence of a surfactant and their use as conductive coatings. Polymer compounds filled with the surface-modified carbon hybrid particles are also disclosed. A further disclosure relates to the use of surface-modified carbon hybrid particles as carbon supports.

To provide a convenient and effective method for suppressing the penetration of dendrite over the microporous film mainly containing the base portion, which occupies the most part of the entire separator (total area), rather than the peculiar concept (resulting in a difficult measure), in which only the pore structure of the rib portion is densified or contracted for suppressing dendrite from penetrating through the rib portion. A separator for a lead-acid battery, containing a microporous film obtained in such a manner that a raw material composition mainly containing a polyolefin resin, silica powder, and a plasticizer is melt-kneaded and formed into a film, from which the plasticizer is entirely or partially removed, the raw material composition containing glass flakes having an average particle diameter of from 20 to 800 m and an average thickness of 0.2 to 8 m and having no self-film formability in an amount of from 2 to 15% by weight based on a total amount of the silica powder and the glass flakes, the glass flakes in the microporous film being disposed in such a manner that a plane direction thereof is substantially oriented in a plane direction of the microporous film, a value of (the content of the glass flakes in the microporous film)/(the average thickness of the glass flakes in the microporous film) being 1 or more.

Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be characterized by a high surface area and a high mesopore content. Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be in agglomerated form. Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be used, for example, as conductive additives. Dispersions of such compounds in a liquid medium in the presence of a surfactant may be used, for example, as conductive coatings. Polymer compounds filled with the surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be formed. Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be used, for example, as carbon supports.

A negative electrode material of a negative electrode plate of a lead-acid battery includes an organic expander having a S element content of 3000 mol/g or more.

Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

A lead-acid battery includes a negative electrode plate that comprises: a negative electrode material which has a density of 2.7 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 3.8 g/cm.sup.3 or less and contains an organic expander having an S element content of 3900 mol/g or more; and a current collector.

An organic expander for a lead storage battery includes sulfomethylated kraft lignin, wherein an organic S content contained in the sulfomethylated kraft lignin is more than 3.8 mass % and 5.1 mass % or less.