A solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) includes a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel-side electrode disposed on a fuel side of the electrolyte, and an air-side electrode disposed on an air side of the electrolyte. The air-side electrode includes a barrier layer disposed on the air side of the electrolyte and containing a stabilized zirconia material having a lower electrical conductivity than an electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, and a functional layer disposed on the barrier layer.

The present invention relates to energy storage systems and reactors useful in such systems. Inventive reactors comprise a reaction vessel defining an inner volume and a compensation element, whereby said inner volume is filled with a fixed bed that is free of cavities and that comprises particles of formula (I), FeOx (I), where 0≤x≤1.5; said compensation element is adapted to adjust said inner volume. The reactors are inherently explosion proof and thus suited for domestic use. The systems are useful for compensating long-term fluctuations observed in production of renewable energy.

A regenerative fuel cell system includes a supply mechanism for supplying gas generated by a pressurization apparatus to a fuel cell, and a control apparatus. The supply mechanism includes a flow regulating valve provided in a gas supply path, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure of the gas supplied to the gas supply path. When a pressurization-stop operation is started, the control apparatus adjusts the flow rate of the flow regulating valve to realize a target depressurization rate, and causes the fuel cell to generate power corresponding to the flow rate.

The present invention relates to an SOEC system (1), comprising a fuel cell stack (2) having a gas side (3) and an air side (4), and an ejector (5) for supplying a process fluid to a gas inlet (6) on the gas side (3), wherein the ejector (5) comprises a primary inlet (7), for introducing a water-containing primary process fluid through a primary line (8) of the SOEC system (1) into a primary portion (9) of the ejector (5), and a secondary inlet (10), for introducing recirculated secondary process fluid through a recirculation line (11) of the SOEC system (1) from a gas outlet (12) on the gas side (3) into a secondary portion (13) of the ejector (5), wherein the SOEC system (1) further comprises a control gas supply portion (14) for supplying control gas into the primary portion (9) and into the secondary portion (13) in order to control a pressure and/or mass flow in the primary portion (9) and in the secondary portion (13), and wherein the control gas supply portion (14) comprises a valve arrangement (19, 20) for controlling the pressure and/or the mass flow in the primary portion (9) and in the secondary portion (13). The invention further relates to a method for operating an SOEC system (1) according to the invention.

A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed in multiple embodiments. The instant invention relates to an electrochemical cell design. In one embodiment, the cell design can electrolyze water into pressurized hydrogen using low-cost materials. In another embodiment, the cell design can convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity. In another embodiment, the cell design can electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen for storage, then later convert the stored hydrogen and oxygen back into electricity and water. In some embodiments, the cell operates with a wide internal pressure differential.

A water electrolysis and electricity generating system is equipped with a water introduction flow path, an oxygen-containing gas flow path, an oxygen-containing gas introduction flow path, a first gas-liquid separator, and a dilution flow path. The oxygen-containing gas introduction flow path introduces the oxygen-containing gas that flows through the oxygen-containing gas flow path into the first supply flow path. The first gas-liquid separator separates into a gas and a liquid the gas-containing water that is guided from the first lead-out flow path connected to the first outlet port member. The dilution flow path guides the oxygen-containing gas that flows through the oxygen-containing gas flow path to the first gas-liquid separator as a diluting gas.

An integrated solar hydrogen production module includes a plurality of PV cells supported on a housing of the module. The module has an energy storage system which includes a rechargeable metal ion battery and a flow battery. The metal ion battery is charged by the PV cells. An electrolyser for converting water to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen can be powered directly by the PV cells or by either of the rechargeable metal ion battery and a flow battery. The PV cells, the metal-ion battery, the flow battery membrane and the electrolyser are electrically coupled together and integrated into or carried by the module housing. Electrically powered and solar thermal heaters can be incorporated into or with the module to heat the water in the electrolysers. A pump pressurises the water to facilitate the pressurisation of hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolysis.

A system includes a reversible proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack configured to receive oxygen and to controllably receive water and hydrogen, an electrical bus for coupling to a vehicle engine to receive electricity, the electrical bus coupled to the reversible fuel cell stack to controllably receive electricity from the fuel cell stack and provide electricity to the reversible fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen storage unit coupled to controllably receive hydrogen from the fuel cell stack, provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and to provide hydrogen to a hydrogen gas powered electricity generator unit to couple to the electrical bus.

The current disclosure teaches one to achieve PBI membranes with high ionic conductivity and low mechanical creep for the first time. This is in contrast to previous teachings of PBI membrane fabrication methods, which yield PBIs with either high ionic conductivity and high mechanical creep or low ionic conductivity and low mechanical creep. The membranes produced according to the disclosed process provide doped membranes for applications in fuel cells and electrolysis devices such as electrochemical separation devices.

A solid oxide electrochemical cell includes an oxygen electrode containing a strontium-containing perovskite-type composite oxide represented by Ln.sub.1-xSr.sub.xCo.sub.1-y-zFe.sub.yB.sub.zO.sub.3-δ (Ln is a trivalent lanthanide element, B is a tetravalent element, 0<x<1, 0≤y<1, 0<z<1, and 0<z+y<1, and δ is a value that is determined to satisfy charge neutrality conditions), a solid electrolyte containing zirconium oxide, a hydrogen electrode, and an interlayer containing a rare-earth-doped cerium oxide that is provided between the solid electrolyte and the oxygen electrode.