A multi-section electrode for lithium batteries, wherein the multi-section electrode includes a plurality of sections, each section of the plurality of sections divided into a major part and a minor part. The major part can have a larger path to the current collector compared to the minor part which results in faster charging and discharging of the major part in comparison with the minor section, wherein the minor section can retain a charge for longer duration and help reduce electrode fatigue and breakdown.

A multi-section electrode for lithium batteries, wherein the multi-section electrode includes a plurality of sections, each section of the plurality of sections divided into a major part and a minor part. The major part can have a larger path to the current collector compared to the minor part which results in faster charging and discharging of the major part in comparison with the minor section, wherein the minor section can retain a charge for longer duration and help reduce electrode fatigue and breakdown.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. The method includes injecting a lithium polysulfide-containing positive electrode electrolyte between the positive electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, and injecting a negative electrode electrolyte between the negative electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, the negative electrode electrolyte having a lithium polysulfide concentration lower than that of the positive electrode electrolyte.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more. The method includes injecting a lithium polysulfide-containing positive electrode electrolyte between the positive electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, and injecting a negative electrode electrolyte between the negative electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, the negative electrode electrolyte having a lithium polysulfide concentration lower than that of the positive electrode electrolyte.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.

An anodeless coating layer for an all-solid battery, the anodeless coating layer includes: an anode active material capable of forming an alloy with lithium or a compound with lithium; and a binder, wherein the binder includes a block copolymer including a conductive domain, a non-conductive domain, or a combination thereof, and wherein the conductive domain includes an ion-conductive domain, an electron-conductive domain, or a combination thereof.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

The method includes injecting a lithium polysulfide-containing positive electrode electrolyte between the positive electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, and injecting a negative electrode electrolyte between the negative electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, the negative electrode electrolyte having a lithium polysulfide concentration lower than that of the positive electrode electrolyte.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a cation exchange resin layer which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

A method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a sulfur-containing positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a cation exchange resin layer which is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and has a first surface having a roughness factor of 3 or more.

The method includes injecting a lithium polysulfide-containing positive electrode electrolyte between the positive electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, and injecting a negative electrode electrolyte between the negative electrode and the cation exchange resin layer, the negative electrode electrolyte having a lithium polysulfide concentration lower than that of the positive electrode electrolyte.

A solid electrolyte represented by general formula Li.sub.ySiR.sub.x(MO.sub.4), where x is an integer from 1 to 3 inclusive, y=4−x, each R present is independently C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy, and M is sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Methods of making the solid electrolyte include combining a phenylsilane and a first acid to yield mixture including benzene and a second acid, and combining at least one of an alkali halide, and alkali amide, and an alkali alkoxide with the second acid to yield a product d represented by general formula Li.sub.ySiR.sub.x(MO.sub.4).sub.y. The second acid may be in the form of a liquid or a solid. The phenylsilane includes at least one C1-C3 alkyl substituent or at least one C1-C3 alkoxy substituent, and the first acid includes at least one of sulfuric acid, selenic acid, and telluric acid.

A metal-ion battery cell is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode electrode may, for example, have a capacity loading in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and comprise anode particles that (i) have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 40 microns, (ii) exhibit a volume expansion in the range of about 8 vol. % to about 180 vol. % during one or more charge-discharge cycles of the battery cell, and (iii) exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 600 mAh/g to about 2,600 mAh/g. The electrolyte may comprise, for example, (i) one or more metal-ion salts and (ii) a solvent composition that comprises one or more low-melting point solvents that each have a melting point below about −70° C. and a boiling point above about +70° C.