Disclosed are electrode plates for a lead acid battery. The electrode plates are formed of an electrode plate having a face, the electrode plate comprising a lead or lead alloy grid coated with an active material and the electrode plates having a porous, non-woven mat comprised of polymer fibers coating on the face of the electrode plate, as well as a method for making the coated electrode plates and lead acid batteries containing the coated electrode plates.

A method for estimating a state of charge of a valve regulated lead-acid battery includes; an overcharge amount identification step of identifying an overcharge amount when the lead-acid battery is overcharged after an arbitrary reference time; an open circuit voltage acquisition step of acquiring an open circuit voltage of the lead-acid battery after the reference time; and a state-of-charge estimation step of estimating a state of charge of the lead-acid battery based on the acquired open circuit voltage and a correlation between an open circuit voltage and state of charge in which a rate of change of the state of charge with respect to the open circuit voltage is smaller as the overcharge amount from the reference time until an acquisition time of the open circuit voltage is larger.

The invention relates to an energy storage system for a vehicle, in particular a starter battery for a vehicle, having a plurality of energy storage cells for providing and/or storing electric energy and a housing which has a plurality of wall elements that delimit the interior of the housing. The housing is designed to receive the plurality of energy storage cells in the interior of the housing. A plurality of separating walls are arranged in the interior of the housing in order to divide the interior of the housing into a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber is designed to receiving an energy storage cell. A fluidic connection is formed between the individual chambers, and a ventilation valve is arranged on one of the wall elements, preferably a cover element, of the housing in a respective region paired with the corresponding chamber. At least one of the ventilation valves is an active ventilation valve, and the remaining ventilation valves are blind closures.

[Problem] A separator for a valve-regulated lead acid battery that has suppressed losing the thickness (reduction of compressive force) of the separator and prolonged a cycle lifetime is provided.

[Solution] The separator for a valve-regulated lead acid battery includes a sheet formed through wet papermaking mainly containing glass fibers, and has an MD/CD strength ratio shown by the following expression (1) of 1.5 or less and 60 kPa compressive force in liquid immersion shown by the following expression (2) of 65% or more:

MD/CD strength ratio=MD strength/CD strength   (Expression 1)

60 kPa compressive force in liquid immersion (%) (pressure force after liquid immersion/compressive force in liquid immersion)×100   (Expression 2)

[Problem] To provide an optimum separator that simultaneously has basic physical properties essential for the characteristics of a separator for valve-regulated lead acid batteries and liquid absorbability while taking into account the improvement of the battery capacity and battery life and the good battery assembly performance.

[Solution] The aspect ratio (average fiber length/average fiber diameter) of a glass fiber in a separator is 130 to 205, the tensile strength of the separator is 0.20 N/mm.sup.2 or more, and the elongation percentage at break of the separator is 2.0% or more and less than 9.0%.

Disclosed herein are soluble content absorbent glass mats or AGM separators for VRLA, AGM, or VRLA AGM batteries. Such glass mats may be prepared from insoluble glass fibers blended with soluble content materials. Upon exposure to a suitable solvent, the dissolving or solvating of the soluble content produces voids within the glass mat. The voids enhance the absorption of the solvent within the glass mat. The soluble content may be acid-soluble glass fibers or microfibers.

The present disclosure provides an electrolyte solution of a lead-crystal storage battery, a preparation method thereof, and a lead-crystal storage battery. The electrolyte solution comprises silica sol and precipitated silica in a mass ratio of 1:(0.005 to 0.05); a total content of silica in the electrolyte solution is from 1% to 4% as per a net content of the silica; the electrolyte solution further comprises 0.1% to 2% of lithium hydroxide based on a total amount of the electrolyte solution. Upon the completion of a formation step of the battery, the electrolyte solution changes from a flow dynamic state to a solidified electrolyte solution containing crystal particles. By using specific gelling agents in combination and adding a relatively large amount of lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte solution to facilitate the electrolyte solution becoming a solidified electrolyte solution containing crystal particles after a charge-discharge cycle, the present disclosure can have active materials of the electrode plates fixed firmly, and enhance the deep cycle capacity of the battery; a porous structure further provides enough space for ion motion to extend battery service life and improve low temperature performance and charge retention.

A short-circuit prevention member has electrical insulation and is attachable to and detachable from at least one of the positive electrode connecting member and the negative electrode connecting member, and in a state in which the short-circuit prevention member is mounted on the positive electrode connecting member and/or the negative electrode connecting member, the short-circuit prevention member covers at least one end portion of the positive electrode connecting member and/or the negative electrode connecting member in an extending direction and the tab of the positive electrode and/or the tab of the negative electrode located closest to the end portion.

Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.

A method of battery separator manufacture and method of use includes applying a slurry including high surface area carbon to a glass mat scrim on a negative separator. A method for the application of a slurry including the high surface area carbon to a glass mat scrim on the negative separator to increase charge acceptance and/or cycle life of a lead acid battery. A battery separator with a glass mat scrim having a slurry including high surface area carbon for increasing charge acceptance and/or cycle life of a lead acid battery. The method or battery separator wherein the slurry including the high surface area carbon, lignosulfonate, and a binder. The method or battery separator disclosed herein being used in a flooded or an enhanced flooded battery EFB. The method or battery separator disclosed herein being used in an absorbed glass mat AGM battery.