Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries, and in particular lead acid battery strings. The improved separators, batteries, battery strings, methods, and vehicles disclosed herein provide substantially increased battery life, substantially reduced battery fail rate, and substantially higher voltage uniformity among the various batteries in a battery string. The improved battery strings may be advantageously employed in high depth of discharge applications such as electric bicycles, golf carts (or golf cars), uninterrupted power supply (UPS) backup power battery strings, and the like.

The present application provides a collecting module of a lead-acid battery and new lead-acid battery and the winding displacement is simpler when collecting the status parameters of the lead-acid battery by disposing the collecting module in the housing of the lead-acid battery and the security is improved when detecting. At the same time, the data storing unit of the collecting module not only stores the collected raw data of the battery at the time of shipment from the factory, but also stores the collected status parameters of the battery in use, which facilitates the subsequent comparison between the raw data and the status parameters, a more accurate determining on the health status of the lead-acid battery and acquisition for the optimal maintenance of the lead-acid. Further, the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery can be more accurately collected by disposing the internal temperature acquisition unit in the lead-acid battery, and if the overheating of the battery occurs, it can be notified in time and dealt with, thus the scrapping of the battery is decreased and the power supply quality for the base station is improved.

The present application provides a collecting module of a lead-acid battery and new lead-acid battery and the winding displacement is simpler when collecting the status parameters of the lead-acid battery by disposing the collecting module in the housing of the lead-acid battery and the security is improved when detecting. At the same time, the data storing unit of the collecting module not only stores the collected raw data of the battery at the time of shipment from the factory, but also stores the collected status parameters of the battery in use, which facilitates the subsequent comparison between the raw data and the status parameters, a more accurate determining on the health status of the lead-acid battery and acquisition for the optimal maintenance of the lead-acid. Further, the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery can be more accurately collected by disposing the internal temperature acquisition unit in the lead-acid battery, and if the overheating of the battery occurs, it can be notified in time and dealt with, thus the scrapping of the battery is decreased and the power supply quality for the base station is improved.

A lead-acid battery comprising: at least one negative electrode comprising lead-based battery electrode material and at least one region of capacitor material overlying the lead-based battery electrode material, each electrode being in electrical connection to an outer terminal of the battery, and at least one positive lead-dioxide based battery electrode, each positive electrode being in electrical connection to a second outer terminal of the battery, separator interleaving the facing electrodes; electrolyte filling at least the space of the electrodes and separators wherein the capacitor material overlying the lead-based battery electrode material comprises 20-65% by weight of a high electrical conductivity carbonaceous material, 30-70% of a high specific surface area carbonaceous material, at least 0.1% lead and binder.

Disclosed herein are soluble content absorbent glass mats or AGM separators for VRLA, AGM, or VRLA AGM batteries. Such glass mats may be prepared from insoluble glass fibers blended with soluble content materials. Upon exposure to a suitable solvent, the dissolving or solvating of the soluble content produces voids within the glass mat. The voids enhance the absorption of the solvent within the glass mat. The soluble content may be acid-soluble glass fibers or microfibers.

Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries, and in particular lead acid battery strings. The improved separators, batteries, battery strings, methods, and vehicles disclosed herein provide substantially increased battery life, substantially reduced battery fail rate, and substantially higher voltage uniformity among the various batteries in a battery string. The improved battery strings may be advantageously employed in high depth of discharge applications such as electric bicycles, golf carts (or golf cars), uninterrupted power supply (UPS) backup power battery strings, and the like.

Battery heater controllers and infrastructure cabinets including battery heater controllers are disclosed. Example battery heater controllers may include an input terminal for receiving an AC input voltage, an output terminal for providing an AC output voltage to a battery heater, a thermistor for sensing an ambient temperature, and an electronic relay coupled between the input terminal and the output terminal to selectively interrupt the AC output voltage provided to the battery heater based on the ambient temperature sensed by the thermistor. Example infrastructure cabinets and methods are also disclosed.

A system is disclosed for monitoring an electrolyte level in a battery cell and generating an indication of a fault condition when the electrolyte level drops below a predetermined acceptable level. The system may make use of a controller, an ultrasonic transmit circuit for transmitting an ultrasonic signal into an interior area of the battery cell, and an ultrasonic receive circuit for receiving the ultrasonic signal after it has been reflected from the interior area of the battery cell. The controller may use the reflected ultrasonic signal and a predetermined calibration signal representing the predetermined acceptable level of the electrolyte to determine when the electrolyte level has dropped below the predetermined acceptable level.

A valve regulated lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a retainer mat and a negative electrode plate housed in a container and holding an electrolyte solution respectively. The electrolyte solution contains colloidal silica and lithium ions.

A basket (10) contains and keeps in compression a plate group (100), that is, the set of positive and negative electrodes with interposed the relevant inter-electrode separators; said basket is made of plastic material, chemically resistant to the electrolytic environment of the battery and thermally resistant to the temperatures to which a battery is subjected, to be housed inside the monobloc of 12V lead acid batteries with VRLA AGM technology.