Battery separators comprising embossments are generally provided. The embossments may take the form of indentations formed in a surface of the battery separator, such as indentations formed by an embossing process. The embossments may comprise intersections with a first edge and a second edge of the battery separator, which may be the same or different.

A lead-acid battery includes at least one positive plate, at least one negative plate, an active material paste, and an electrolyte. The positive plate comprises a positive electrode grid, the negative plate comprises a negative electrode grid and the active material paste includes a rubber additive. A process of manufacturing an active material paste for a lead-acid battery includes: adding a rubber additive into a paste mixer with a lead compound to form a mix of additives; dry mixing the additives to form a dry mixture; adding water to the dry mixture; wet-mixing the water with the dry mixture to form a wet mixture; and pasting and curing an electrode grid with the wet mixture.

A 12 V lead acid battery (100) with VRLA AGM technology. according to the 61 configuration and with front terminal connections, provides a monobloc consisting ofa container (10), with support base and retaining sides, of the known typeplate groups (12)compression baskets (14) of the plate groups (12)inter-plate connections or CoS (16)relief valves (18)inter-cell connections (20)a lid (22) closing the container (10), also of the known type; said monobloc have an internal layout configured to house the plate groups (12) in a horizontal position, parallel to the lid (22).

[Problem] A separator for a valve-regulated lead acid battery that has suppressed losing the thickness (reduction of compressive force) of the separator and prolonged a cycle lifetime is provided. [Solution] The separator for a valve-regulated lead acid battery includes a sheet formed through wet papermaking mainly containing glass fibers, and has an MD/CD strength ratio shown by the following expression (1) of 1.5 or less and 60 kPa compressive force in liquid immersion shown by the following expression (2) of 65% or more:
MD/CD strength ratio=MD strength/CD strength(Expression 1)
60 kPa compressive force in liquid immersion(%) (pressure force after liquid immersion/compressive force in liquid immersion)100.(Expression 2)

[Problem] To provide a separator (AGM separator) for a lead acid battery, which has a high strength required for a recent separator for a lead acid battery and has a high electrolyte retention function, and in which peeling of a bag-making processed part (sealed part) does not occur when a cycle life test is performed.

[Solution] A separator for a lead acid battery mainly including a micro-glass fiber and a heat-fusible organic fiber, in which when the separator after bag-making processing using ultrasonic sealing is boiled in water for 60 minutes, a peel strength in a sealed part (fused portion) of the separator is 1 N/20 mm or more.

A lead acid battery separator having a first array of ribs extending from a first side of a backweb, and a second array of ribs extending from a second side of the backweb. Both the first array of ribs and the second array of ribs are cross-machine direction (CMD) ribs. In a flooded lead acid (FLA) or valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, the CMD ribs extend in a direction that is parallel to a top and bottom of the battery. The separator helps reduce acid stratification issues, allowing for FLA batteries to be used as auxiliary batteries or enhanced flooded lead acid batteries (EFB), and further improving VRLA performance when used as auxiliary batteries.

Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.

Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.

A valve regulated lead-acid battery includes at least one cell including an element and an electrolyte solution. The element includes a negative electrode plate, a positive electrode plate, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains a polymer compound having a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of a .sup.1H-NMR spectrum measured using deuterated chloroform as a solvent, or contains a polymer compound having a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units. The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode material. A density of the positive electrode material is 3.70 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 4.65 g/cm.sup.3 or less.

[Problem] To provide an optimum separator that simultaneously has basic physical properties essential for the characteristics of a separator for valve-regulated lead acid batteries and liquid absorbability while taking into account the improvement of the battery capacity and battery life and the good battery assembly performance. [Solution] The aspect ratio (average fiber length/average fiber diameter) of a glass fiber in a separator is 130 to 205, the tensile strength of the separator is 0.20 N/mm.sup.2 or more, and the elongation percentage at break of the separator is 2.0% or more and less than 9.0%.