A method for controlling a temperature of a battery cell (22, 24) in a battery module (20), the method comprising the steps of: determining an initial temperature of the battery cell (22, 24); measuring a current (I) flowing into or out of the battery cell (22, 24); determining an actual temperature gradient of the battery cell (22, 24) using a thermal battery cell model described by a differential equation, for which input values comprise at least the determined initial temperature and the measured current (I); comparing the determined actual temperature gradient of the battery cell (22, 24) with a pre-defined desired temperature gradient; and automatically adjusting the current (I) flowing into or out of the battery cell (22, 24) according to a result of the comparison.

A power storage module includes: a battery block group including a plurality of battery cells; a connecting terminal portion joined to terminal surfaces of the plurality of battery cells; and a heat conductive material arranged in a manner contacting the connecting terminal portion. The heat conductive material includes at least any member of a plurality of interspersed members or a member having a clearance. The heat conductive materials are distributed more densely in a center portion of a region surrounded by an outermost peripheral edge of the battery block group than in peripheral portions surrounding the center portion in a plan view from a normal line direction of an arrangement surface of the heat conductive materials.

A power storage module includes: a battery block group including a plurality of battery cells; a connecting terminal portion joined to terminal surfaces of the plurality of battery cells; and a heat conductive material arranged in a manner contacting the connecting terminal portion. The heat conductive material includes at least any member of a plurality of interspersed members or a member having a clearance. The heat conductive materials are distributed more densely in a center portion of a region surrounded by an outermost peripheral edge of the battery block group than in peripheral portions surrounding the center portion in a plan view from a normal line direction of an arrangement surface of the heat conductive materials.

A battery system for an electric vehicle includes a first battery module with a first heater and a second battery module with a second heater. The battery system also includes a control system configured to selectively activate the first or the second heater to dissipate energy from the first or the second battery module.

A battery system for an electric vehicle includes a first battery module with a first heater and a second battery module with a second heater. The battery system also includes a control system configured to selectively activate the first or the second heater to dissipate energy from the first or the second battery module.

There is provided a battery pack capable of supplying a stable output and of being charged stably in a low temperature environment (for instance, 0° C. or lower). A battery pack (1) includes: a battery group (11) having a first battery (10A) and a second battery (10B) disposed around the first battery (10A); and a heater (14) that is disposed on an outer peripheral side of the battery group (11), famed by the second battery (10B), and that generates heat by being energized by the first battery (10A). The first battery (10A) is allowed to be charged and discharged with a higher current than a current of the second battery (10B) in a temperature range lower than or equal to a predetermined temperature.

To reduce standby time during charging, a charging device includes a housing on which a battery pack is detachably mountable, a control board, and a cooling fan. The battery pack is formed with a vent hole. The housing is formed with a ventilation opening configured to face the vent hole. The cooling fan is configured to flow an air passing through the control board and the ventilation opening, and is configured to work even in a state where the battery pack is detached.

A system for conditioning and moving a fluid can include a thermoelectric device comprising a first side and a second side, the first side configured to heat or cool the fluid with electrical current applied to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a fluid conduit configured to allow a fluid to flow therein and to transfer the fluid into being in thermal communication with the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flow control device in fluid communication with the thermoelectric device, the flow control device configured to direct the fluid in the fluid conduit with respect to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flapper valve configured to move relative to the thermoelectric device to at least partially block flow of the fluid through a portion of the fluid conduit.

A system for conditioning and moving a fluid can include a thermoelectric device comprising a first side and a second side, the first side configured to heat or cool the fluid with electrical current applied to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a fluid conduit configured to allow a fluid to flow therein and to transfer the fluid into being in thermal communication with the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flow control device in fluid communication with the thermoelectric device, the flow control device configured to direct the fluid in the fluid conduit with respect to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flapper valve configured to move relative to the thermoelectric device to at least partially block flow of the fluid through a portion of the fluid conduit.

A charge-discharge control device charges a power storage device when the charge-discharge control device acquires no warming-up operation command. The charge-discharge control device, when the charge-discharge control device acquires the warming-up operation command, performs warming-up operation by repeated alternatingly charging the power storage device and discharging the power storage device via a first discharger. When a determiner determines during the warming-up operation that an amount of power discharged via the first discharger does not satisfy a criterion, the charge-discharge control device performs the warming-up operation by repeated alternatingly charging the power storage device and discharging the power storage device via a second discharger.