A battery module includes a plurality of batteries and at least one spacer disposed between adjacent batteries among the plurality of batteries. The spacer includes at least one reflection layer which reflects at least 60% of an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 0.7 to 3 μm. The at least one reflection layer faces to one of the adjacent batteries.

A battery module includes a plurality of batteries and at least one spacer disposed between adjacent batteries among the plurality of batteries. The spacer includes at least one reflection layer which reflects at least 60% of an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 0.7 to 3 μm. The at least one reflection layer faces to one of the adjacent batteries.

A temperature raising system includes an alternating current (AC) generation circuit connected to a power storage battery including one or more power storages and configured to generate an AC current, and a conductive member of a metallic conductor connected between a terminal portion of the power storage and the AC generation circuit or between two or more power storages. The conductive member includes a first path and a second path along which heat is generated by allowing the AC current to flow. The first path has a larger inductance component than the second path.

A temperature raising system includes an alternating current (AC) generation circuit connected to a power storage battery including one or more power storages and configured to generate an AC current, and a conductive member of a metallic conductor connected between a terminal portion of the power storage and the AC generation circuit or between two or more power storages. The conductive member includes a first path and a second path along which heat is generated by allowing the AC current to flow. The first path has a larger inductance component than the second path.

A temperature raising device includes an alternating current (AC) generation circuit including a first capacitor having a first end connected to a positive electrode side of a power storage having an inductance component, a second capacitor having a first end connected to a negative electrode side of the power storage, a parallel switch unit configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the power storage in parallel, and a series switch unit configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the power storage in series, and a controller configured to alternately switch the state between a first state in which the parallel switch unit is in a conductive state and the series switch unit is in a non-conductive state and a second state in which the parallel switch unit is in the non-conductive state and the series switch unit is in the conductive state.

A temperature raising device includes an alternating current (AC) generation circuit including a first capacitor having a first end connected to a positive electrode side of a power storage having an inductance component, a second capacitor having a first end connected to a negative electrode side of the power storage, a parallel switch unit configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the power storage in parallel, and a series switch unit configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor to the power storage in series, and a controller configured to alternately switch the state between a first state in which the parallel switch unit is in a conductive state and the series switch unit is in a non-conductive state and a second state in which the parallel switch unit is in the non-conductive state and the series switch unit is in the conductive state.

A battery pack includes a tray and a plate. The tray has an accommodating space. The accommodating space has a top opening. The plate is disposed at the top opening of the accommodating space. The plate includes an inner surface facing the accommodating space and an outer surface opposite to the inner surface. A plurality of cooling pipes sequentially arranged are disposed on the outer surface of the plate. A heating member is disposed between two adjacent cooling pipes.

A method for preconditioning at least a part of an engine system of a vehicle. The engine system includes an engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system, EATS. The method providing predicted vehicle operational information comprising a vehicle operational initialization time and predicted engine operation, determining whether or not cold-start emissions of the predicted engine operation achieves a threshold criterium, in response to achieving the threshold criterium, preconditioning at least a part of the engine system such that at least said part of the engine system is preconditioned at a time of the vehicle operational initialization time.

A method for preconditioning at least a part of an engine system of a vehicle. The engine system includes an engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system, EATS. The method providing predicted vehicle operational information comprising a vehicle operational initialization time and predicted engine operation, determining whether or not cold-start emissions of the predicted engine operation achieves a threshold criterium, in response to achieving the threshold criterium, preconditioning at least a part of the engine system such that at least said part of the engine system is preconditioned at a time of the vehicle operational initialization time.

A multi-voltage storage system for an at least partly electrically driven vehicle includes a first storage module and a second storage module having an identical rated voltage for storing electrical energy, wherein on-board consumers are connected to the second storage module at least with priority during a charging process, a heating apparatus for heating the storage modules, a switch unit which is designed to connect the first storage module and the second storage module in series for a charging process and in parallel for driving the vehicle, and a control unit, which is firstly designed to control the switch unit before and/or during a charging process such that the parallel connection of the first storage module and the second storage module is eliminated, and which is secondly designed, after elimination of the parallel connection, to activate the heating apparatus before and/or during the charging process.