A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution containing a sulfonamide compound.

A metal-air battery and methods for generating electricity in a metal-air battery are described herein. The battery and the method includes heating an anhydrous salt to obtain a molten salt electrolyte; contacting the molten salt electrolyte to at least one cathode communicating with air; reducing air at the cathode to obtain oxygen ions for diffusing through the molten salt electrolyte; oxidizing at least one metal anode by the oxygen ions in the electrolyte thereby generating electricity and forming a metal anode oxide; and cooling at least one section of the metal-air battery for precipitating the metal anode oxide.

The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes: a lithium salt; a solvent; and a functional additive, wherein the functional additive includes 1,2-bis((maleimido)ethane, represented by the following formula 1:

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The application provides a secondary battery and a device including the same. The secondary battery includes a negative electrode plate that includes a negative electrode film, where the negative electrode film includes a negative electrode active material; electrolyte that includes an electrolyte salt, an organic solvent and an additive, where the negative electrode active material includes a silicon-based material; the organic solvent includes dimethyl carbonate (DMC); and the additive includes one or more of compound shown in Formula 1 as discloses in the application, where, R.sub.1 is selected from one of C2˜C4 alkylene or halogenated alkylene, C2˜C4 alkenylene or halogenated alkenylene, C6˜C18 arylene and derivatives thereof. Under the premise of having a high energy density, the secondary battery and the device including the same according to the application can also have good high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.

An electrolyte composition can be capable of becoming molten when heated sufficiently. The electrolyte can include at least one lithium halide salt; and at least one lithium non-halide salt combined with the at least one lithium halide salt so as to form an electrolyte composition capable of becoming molten when above a melting point about 350° C. A lithium halide salt includes a halide selected from F and Cl. A first lithium non-halide salt can be selected from the group consisting of LiVO.sub.3, Li.sub.2SO.sub.4, LiNO.sub.3, and Li.sub.2MoO.sub.4. A thermal battery can include the electrolyte composition, such as in the cathode, anode, and/or separator region therebetween. The battery can discharge electricity by having the electrolyte composition at a temperature so as to be a molten electrolyte.

The nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery includes a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, a negative electrode containing Si atoms, and a positive electrode. The solution contains a nonaqueous solvent, a compound represented by the Formula (1), and an unsaturated bond-containing carbonate; the content of the compound with respect to the whole solution is 0.07 wt % to 15.0 wt %; the content of the carbonate with respect to the whole solution is 0.2 wt % to 8.0 wt %; and, in the negative electrode, the ratio of an active substance (A) containing SiOx (0.5≤x≤1.6) with respect to all active substances is 9.0 wt % or lower: wherein, R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which optionally has a halogen atom; at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is a halogen atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and n represents 0 or 1.

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A system for a high temperature, high energy density secondary battery that includes an electrolyte comprising an ionic liquid solvent, and electrolyte salts; a metallic anode; a cathode, compatible with the electrolyte and comprising an active material and a polyimide binder; and a separator component that separates the cathode and anode.

A molten sodium-based battery comprises a robust, highly Na-ion conductive, zero-crossover separator and a fully inorganic, fully liquid, highly cyclable molten cathode that operates at low temperatures.

An intermediate temperature sodium-halogen secondary cell that includes a negative electrode compartment housing a negative, molten sodium-based electrode and a positive electrode compartment housing a current collector disposed in a highly conductive molten positive electrolyte. A sodium halide (NaX) positive electrode is disposed in a molten positive electrolyte comprising one or more AlX.sub.3 salts, wherein X may be the same or different halogen selected from Cl, Br, and I, wherein the ratio of NaX to AlX.sub.3 is greater than or equal to one. A sodium ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane separates the molten sodium negative electrode from the molten positive electrolyte. The secondary cell operates at a temperature in the range from about 80 C. to 210 C.

The present invention has for its object to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium air batteries capable of simultaneously holding back positive electrode overvoltage, reactions of the negative electrode with the electrolyte and dendrite growth during charging thereby making an improvement in the output performance, and a lithium air battery using the same. The invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium air batteries, containing an organic solvent and a lithium salt. The lithium salt contains at least LiX (where X stands for Br and/or I) and lithium nitrate. The molar concentration (mol/L) of LiX in the non-aqueous electrolyte satisfies a range of no less than 0.005 to no greater than 2.0, and the molar concentration (mol/L) of the lithium nitrate in the non-aqueous electrolyte satisfies a range of greater than 0.1 to no greater than 2.0.