To detect air in a fluid delivery line of an infusion system, infusion fluid is pumped through a fluid delivery line adjacent to at least one sensor. A signal is transmitted and received using the at least one sensor into and from the fluid delivery line. The at least one sensor is operated, using at least one processor, at a modified frequency which is different than a resonant frequency of the at least one sensor to reduce an amplitude of an output of the signal transmitted from the at least one sensor to a level which is lower than a saturation level of the analog-to-digital converter to avoid over-saturating the analog-to-digital converter. The signal received by the at least one sensor is converted from analog to digital using an analog-to-digital converter. The at least one processor determines whether air is in the fluid delivery line based on the converted digital signal.

Apparatuses and methods for image sensors with increased analog to digital conversion range are described herein. An example method may include disabling a first auto-zero switch of a comparator, the first auto-zero switch coupled to a ramp voltage input of the comparator, increasing, by a ramp generator, an auto-zero voltage level of a ramp voltage provided to the ramp voltage input of the comparator, and disabling a second auto-zero switch of the comparator, the second auto-zero switch coupled to a bitline input of the comparator.

One example discloses a reconfigurable analog to digital converter (ADC) device, including: an analog front end (AFE) configured to receive a set of analog input signals and generate a corresponding set of digital output signals; wherein the AFE includes a set of reconfigurable ADC conversion circuits; and a sequencer coupled to the AFE and configured to control the set of reconfigurable ADC conversion circuits with a first AFE channel configuration at a first time and a second AFE channel configuration at a second time.

An analog front-end circuit capable of dynamically adjusting gain includes a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) circuit, a sensor, a calculation circuit, a gain coarse control circuit and a gain fine control circuit. The PGA circuit includes an amplifier, a gain coarse adjustment circuit and a gain fine adjustment circuit. The gain coarse adjustment circuit is controlled by a coarse control signal, and a gain is adjusted in a coarse step according to an initial gain. The gain fine adjustment circuit is controlled by a fine control signal in a data mode, and the gain is adjusted in a fine step. The calculation circuit calculates a primary gain adjustment and a secondary gain adjustment. The gain coarse control circuit generates the coarse control signal according to the primary gain adjustment, and the gain fine control circuit generates the fine control signal according to the secondary gain adjustment.

Calibration of a sensing device is provided. The sensing device includes a sensor configured to sense a condition. In the sensing device, a voltage-dividing resistance and a reference voltage of an analog-to-digital converter are set to configure a quantization range of the analog-to-digital converter given characteristics of the sensor. During calibration, a binary search is performed between lower and upper limits of the voltage-dividing resistance, which is a variable resistance, to find the resistance of the voltage-dividing resistance at which the sensing device is operated.

A time gain compensation (TGC) circuit for an ultrasound device includes a first amplifier having an integrating capacitor and a control circuit configured to generate a TGC control signal that controls an integration time of the integrating capacitor, thereby controlling a gain of the first amplifier. The integration time is an amount of time an input signal is coupled to the first amplifier before the input signal is isolated from the first amplifier.

An amplification interface includes first and second differential input terminals, first and second differential output terminals providing first and second output voltages defining a differential output signal, and first and second analog integrators coupled between the first and second differential input terminals and the first and second differential output terminals, the first and second analog integrators being resettable by a reset signal. A control circuit generates the reset signal such that the first and second analog integrators are periodically reset during a reset interval and activated during a measurement interval, receives a control signal indicative of offsets in the measurement sensor current and the reference sensor current, and generates a drive signal as a function of the control signal. First and second current generators coupled first and second compensation circuits to the first and second differential input terminals as a function of a drive signal.

To detect air in a fluid delivery line of an infusion system, infusion fluid is pumped through a fluid delivery line adjacent to at least one sensor. A signal is transmitted and received using the at least one sensor into and from the fluid delivery line. The at least one sensor is operated, using at least one processor, at a modified frequency which is different than a resonant frequency of the at least one sensor to reduce an amplitude of an output of the signal transmitted from the at least one sensor to a level which is lower than a saturation level of the analog-to-digital converter to avoid over-saturating the analog-to-digital converter. The signal received by the at least one sensor is converted from analog to digital using an analog-to-digital converter. The at least one processor determines whether air is in the fluid delivery line based on the converted digital signal.

Calibration of a sensing device is provided. The sensing device includes a sensor configured to sense a condition. In the sensing device, a voltage-dividing resistance and a reference voltage of an analog-to-digital converter are set to configure a quantization range of the analog-to-digital converter given characteristics of the sensor. During calibration, a binary search is performed between lower and upper limits of the voltage-dividing resistance, which is a variable resistance, to find the resistance of the voltage-dividing resistance at which the sensing device is operated.

Disclosed is a sample and hold circuit and method capable of amplifying an input signal. The method includes: in a sample phase, receiving a first (second) input signal with top electrodes of first (second) capacitors, and receiving the second (first) input signal with all bottom electrode(s) of at least a part of the first (second) capacitors; in a hold phase, stopping receiving the first (second) input signal with the top electrodes of the first (second) capacitors, and receiving a first (second) group of reference signals with the bottom electrodes of the first (second) capacitors, so that the first (second) capacitors provide a first (second) sample voltage on the top electrodes of the multiple first (second) capacitors through charge redistribution, wherein the first and second input signals are a pair of differential signals and they are opposite to each other.