Provided is a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates after the 4G communication system such as LTE.

According to the disclosure, a base station (BS) including a near field reflecting intelligent surface (RIS) may include the near field RIS including at least one meta surface which reflects an RIS beam into a target area, a transceiver and a processor. The processor may be configured to identify an operation mode among a normal mode or an RIS mode based on whether a target area is included in a reflecting beam coverage, and control the transceiver to transmit the RIS beam onto the meta surface based on at least one of a type of the near field RIS, configuration information of the near field RIS or information about the target area, in response to the operation mode being identified as the RIS mode.

Techniques and apparatuses are described for adaptive phase-changing device power-saving operations. In aspects, a base station determines to transition an adaptive phase-changing device (APD) into an enabled APD-PS mode and determines an APD-PS configuration for the APD that specifies a framework for operating in the enabled APD-PS mode. The base station then directs the APD to operate in the enabled APD-PS mode by communicating the APD-PS configuration to the APD and transmits or receives wireless signals using a surface of the APD and based on the APD-PS configuration.

A communication system may include an electronic device, one or more external devices, and one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS's). Wireless signals may be incident upon the RIS(s) from the external device(s). The RIS(s) may have antenna elements that reflect the signals towards the electronic device while being swept over a set of reflected angles. The device may include one or more antennas that receive the reflected wireless signals. The device may perform measurements of the received wireless signals and may generate a steering vector using the measurements. The device may input the steering vector to a super-resolution algorithm that outputs angles-of-arrival of the wireless signals at the RIS(s), which can be used to detect the position of the external device(s). The device may receive the wireless signals using a single antenna to minimize resource and space consumption or using multiple antennas to maximize location accuracy.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A example method for wireless communication at a reconfigurable reflective surface comprises receiving one or more signals from a first wireless device and determining, based at least in part on the one or more signals, measurement information pertaining to a wireless channel between the reconfigurable reflective surface and the first wireless device. The example method may further include determining, based at least in part on the measurement information, a set of weights for a plurality of reflective elements of the reconfigurable reflective surface to be used in reflecting communications between the first wireless device and a second wireless device.

A photovoltaic, PV, apparatus for the conversion of light into electrical energy is described. The PV apparatus has a surface to receive incident light, one or more PV elements in or at the surface, the PV element to convert light incident on the surface into electrical energy by the photovoltaic effect, and one or more reconfigurable intelligent surface, RIS, elements in or at the surface, the RIS element operating as reconfigurable intelligent surface, RIS, to direct or reflect one or more incident electromagnetic, EM, waves or one or more incident EM beams incident on the surface from an incident first direction into one or more outgoing EM waves or one or more outgoing EM beams propagating along at least one second direction.

Disclosed is a network entity including a transceiver; a memory storing one or more instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the one or more instructions stored in the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive, from a base station (BS), a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) control signal including RIS reflective pattern information and configuration information for the RIS reflective pattern information, and control a reflective pattern of an RIS based on the RIS reflective pattern information and the configuration information for the RIS reflective pattern information.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a base station may communicate with a user equipment (UE) via a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) which is capable of adjusting a reflection characteristic to reflect incident signaling in different directions. The base station and the RIS may establish a beamformed connection and, in some scenarios, the base station and the RIS may experience a beam failure. In such scenarios, the base station, the UE, and the RIS may participate in a two-step beam training procedure to reduce an amount of possible beam pair hypotheses that the communicating devices test in order to re-establish communication between the base station and the UE via the RIS. The two-step beam training procedure may include a first procedure in which the RIS selects a suitable beam toward the base station and a second procedure that leverages the selected beam.

The present disclosure provides an intelligent reflection surface, a signal sending method and apparatus, and a storage medium, and belong to the field of wireless communication. In embodiments of this application, the intelligent reflection surface receives adjustment information sent by a first wireless device, and adjusts an on/off state of the intelligent reflection surface based on the adjustment information.

A wireless communication device having a full-duplex architecture is described, the device comprising phase shifters integrated into transmitting chains and receiving chains, respectively, which are connected to basic antennae. Each transmitting/receiving chain is associated with a receiving/transmitting chain so as to form a pair of chains, with a connection circuit arranged between the chains of each pair. The device also includes at least one control module configured to control switching means and to activate/deactivate analogue means and digital means for cancelling interference and all or some of the transmitting/receiving chains so that the device is able to alternate between at least two different modes: a first full-duplex transmitting/receiving mode, and a second mode in which the device is able to reflect one or more transmission beams.

Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products may perform channel separation of transmissions associated with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). In an example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may determine a first channel matrix using measurements of a reference signal (RS) which is associated with first RIS parameter settings, which may impart first reflection properties at the RIS. The WTRU may determine a second channel matrix using measurements of a RS which are associated with second RIS parameter settings, which may impart different second reflection properties the RIS. The WTRU may derive a RIS channel matrix using a function of the first channel matrix and the second channel matrix and determine Channel state information (CSI) therefrom. The WTRU may feedback information indicating the CSI to a base station.