A telecommunication system includes a gateway receiver having a processor and a data storage medium. The receiver is programmed to wirelessly communicate with a plurality of terminals, determine an error rate associated with communication with the plurality of terminals, determine an operating probability from the error rate, and transmit the operating probability to the plurality of terminals. A terminal includes a transmitter programmed to transmit signals to the gateway receiver in accordance with a number of transmitting slots. The terminal has a receiver programmed to receive signals transmitted from the gateway receiver, including an operating probability signal representing the operating probability. The terminal also includes processor programmed to select the number of transmitting slots based at least in part on the operating probability.

Mechanisms for interferer detection can detect interferers by detecting elevated signal amplitudes in one or more of a plurality of bins (or bands) in a frequency range between a maximum frequency (f.sub.MAX) and a minimum frequency (f.sub.MIN). To perform rapid interferer detection, the mechanisms downconvert an input signal x(t) with a local oscillator (LO) to a complex baseband signal x.sub.I(t)+jx.sub.Q(t). x.sub.I(t) and x.sub.Q(t) are then multiplied by m unique pseudorandom noise (PN) sequences (e.g., Gold sequences) g.sub.m(t) to produce m branch signals for I and m branch signals for Q. The branch signals are then low pass filtered, converted from analog to digital form, and pairwise combined by a pairwise complex combiner. Finally, a support recovery function is used to identify interferers.

A service device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), a new radio NB (gNB), or other network component or network management component) can process or generate a Downlink Control Information (DCI) that schedules a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission in a PUSCH. The PUSCH transmission can be generated based on a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) according to a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform in uplink. A sequence of the DMRS can be generated based on a Gold sequence and a Pi/2 Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation.

This application discloses a transmission method, which includes: An optical transmitting device generates a first transmission frame, where the first transmission frame includes a first sequence and a second sequence, the first sequence corresponds to a first single-frequency signal and a second single-frequency signal in frequency domain, a frequency of the first single-frequency signal is fixed in a first time period, a frequency of the second single-frequency signal is fixed in the first time period, and the first time period is at least a part of a time period in which the optical transmitting device sends the first sequence; and a difference between signal amplitudes of a frequency-domain signal corresponding to the second sequence in frequency domain at any two frequencies in first bandwidth is less than a first threshold.

This disclosure provides a method for transmitting a demodulation reference signal of a sidelink, a method for receiving the demodulation reference signal of the sidelink, and a terminal. The method for transmitting the demodulation reference signal of the sidelink, applied to a transmitting side terminal, includes: initializing a first demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on at least one of a slot number, a sidelink synchronization signal identifier or a sidelink synchronization signal block index to generate the first DMRS sequence; transmitting the first DMRS sequence.

A communication method includes receiving first data from a network device or a terminal device, and demapping the first data based on a first frequency hopping pattern. The first frequency hopping pattern is one of K candidate frequency hopping patterns. One candidate frequency hopping pattern in the K candidate frequency hopping patterns includes L frequency hopping portions. At least two candidate frequency hopping patterns in the K candidate frequency hopping patterns include a same frequency hopping portion, K is an integer greater than 1, and L is an integer greater than 1.

A service device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), a new radio NB (gNB), or other network component or network management component) can process or generate a Downlink Control Information (DCI) that schedules a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission in a PUSCH. The PUSCH transmission can be generated based on a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) according to a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform in uplink. A sequence of the DMRS can be generated based on a Gold sequence and a Pi/2 Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation.

An information transmission method and apparatus are provided. A first communication apparatus determines feature information of a target channel and first common delay information, and determines scrambling information based on the feature information of the target channel. The first communication apparatus processes the first common delay information based on the scrambling information, to obtain second common delay information. The first communication apparatus sends the second common delay information through the target channel. A second communication apparatus receives the second common delay information through the target channel, and determines the feature information of the target channel. The second communication apparatus determines descrambling information based on information of the target channel, and further processes the second common delay information based on the descrambling information to obtain the first common delay information.

This application provides coding/decoding methods and communications apparatuses thereof. In an implementation, a coding method includes: obtaining a first information bit sequence; determining a first frozen bit sequence based on a probability distribution value P.sub.1 of the first information bit sequence, determining a check bit sequence based on a second information bit sequence, where the second information bit sequence is the first information bit sequence or a sequence obtained after a pre-transformation operation is performed on the first information bit sequence, obtaining a first bit sequence based on the second information bit sequence, the check bit sequence, and the first frozen bit sequence, where the first bit sequence includes bits in the second information bit sequence.

This application discloses a resource configuration method, a resource determining method and apparatus, a communication device, and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of communication technologies. The resource configuration method in embodiments of this application includes: configuring, by a signal sending node, a first resource based on a predetermined first array, where the first array includes at least one Costas array or at least one Costas array set, and each Costas array set includes at least one Costas array; and sending, by the signal sending node, a first signal by using the first resource.