A receiving device determines that a first PHY needs to be added to a first FlexE group in a working state. The receiving device performs a deskew on the first PHY or each PHY in the first FlexE group based on a received data stream corresponding to the first PHY and a received data stream corresponding to each PHY in the first FlexE group, and restores a data stream corresponding to a client from a PHY in the first FlexE group. If a skew between the data stream corresponding to the first PHY and the data stream corresponding to each PHY in the first FlexE group after the deskew is performed is zero, the receiving device restores a data stream corresponding to a client from a PHY in a second FlexE group so that flexibility of adjusting a PHY in a FlexE group in a working state is improved.

A receiving device determines that a first PHY needs to be added to a first FlexE group in a working state. The receiving device performs a deskew on the first PHY or each PHY in the first FlexE group based on a received data stream corresponding to the first PHY and a received data stream corresponding to each PHY in the first FlexE group, and restores a data stream corresponding to a client from a PHY in the first FlexE group. If a skew between the data stream corresponding to the first PHY and the data stream corresponding to each PHY in the first FlexE group after the deskew is performed is zero, the receiving device restores a data stream corresponding to a client from a PHY in a second FlexE group so that flexibility of adjusting a PHY in a FlexE group in a working state is improved.

High-speed communication links with self-aligned scrambling on a communication link that sends scrambled signals may include a slave device that may self-align by initially detecting an unscrambled preamble symbol and more particularly detect an edge of the unscrambled preamble symbol. Based on the detected edge, a fine alignment adjustment may be made by testing subsequent scrambled data for a repeated pattern such as an IDLE symbol by comparing the repeated pattern to a candidate scrambled sequence that has been received through the communication link. The comparison may use an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit on some bits to derive a scrambler seed that is used to test for a match for the remaining bits. If there is a match, the scrambler seed and frame alignment have been detected and alignment is achieved.

High-speed communication links with self-aligned scrambling on a communication link that sends scrambled signals may include a slave device that may self-align by initially detecting an unscrambled preamble symbol and more particularly detect an edge of the unscrambled preamble symbol. Based on the detected edge, a fine alignment adjustment may be made by testing subsequent scrambled data for a repeated pattern such as an IDLE symbol by comparing the repeated pattern to a candidate scrambled sequence that has been received through the communication link. The comparison may use an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit on some bits to derive a scrambler seed that is used to test for a match for the remaining bits. If there is a match, the scrambler seed and frame alignment have been detected and alignment is achieved.

This application relates to methods and apparatus for transfer of multiple digital data streams, especially of digital audio data over a single communications link such as a single wire. The application describes audio interface circuitry comprising a pulse-length-modulation (PLM) modulator. The PLM is responsive to a plurality of data streams (PDM-R, PDM-L), to generate a series of data pulses (PLM) with a single data pulse having a rising and falling edge in each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal (TCLK). The timing of the rising and falling edge of each data pulse is dependent upon a combination of the then current data samples from the plurality of data streams. The duration and position of the data pulse in the transfer window in effect defines a data symbol encoding the data. Circuitry for receiving and extracting the data is also disclosed. An interface receives the stream of data pulses (PLM) and data extraction circuitry samples the data pulse to determine which of the possible data symbols the pulse represents and determines a data value for at least one received data stream.

The present disclosure provides a method for transmitting and receiving in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefore. Specifically, in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for transmitting and receiving a signal by a receiving apparatus, the method includes receiving, from a transmitting apparatus, signals modulated based on a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) method through a plurality of reception paths, calculating a differential value in each reception path of the plurality of reception paths based on the received signals, and calculating reliability for the received signals, in which the reliability is proportional to a real value of a sum of the differential values in each reception path of the plurality of reception paths.

In a dynamic signal traffic scenario, a narrowband to wideband transition in a DPD system results in a tilt in the output spectrum until the next DPD adaptation cycle occurs. To address this problem, regularization term is applied with a weighing factor when performing DPD coefficient estimation and adaptation. The regularization term can be obtained from in a variety of ways: using pre-stored waveforms, through factory or in-situ calibration, or through an adaptive or opportunistic update by observing the system. Application of the regularization term improves the spectrum flatness for a narrow to wideband signal transition, and does not require transmitting additional calibration tones to correct the gain flatness.

In a dynamic signal traffic scenario, a narrowband to wideband transition in a DPD system results in a tilt in the output spectrum until the next DPD adaptation cycle occurs. To address this problem, regularization term is applied with a weighing factor when performing DPD coefficient estimation and adaptation. The regularization term can be obtained from in a variety of ways: using pre-stored waveforms, through factory or in-situ calibration, or through an adaptive or opportunistic update by observing the system. Application of the regularization term improves the spectrum flatness for a narrow to wideband signal transition, and does not require transmitting additional calibration tones to correct the gain flatness.

The present disclosure proposes an adaptive non-speculative DFE with an extended time constraint for a PAM-4 receiver and a method for operating the same. An adaptive non-speculative DFE with an extended time constraint for a PAM-4 receiver according to the present disclosure comprises a Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer (CTLE) to boost high-frequency components of an input signal, a Track and Hold (T&H) circuit to track and hold an output of the CTLE, and a sampler, wherein the sampler includes a Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) sampler to equalize an output of the T&H circuit and sample an output of the T&H circuit in a DFE sampling clock phase; and a DATA sampler to sample a signal equalized by the DFE sampler in a DATA sampling clock phase, wherein the DFE sampling clock phase differs from the DATA sampling clock phase.

A power transmitter includes: a first switch coupled between a first node and a reference voltage node; a second switch configured to be coupled between a power supply and the first node; a coil and a capacitor coupled in series between the first node and the reference voltage node; a first sample-and-hold (S&H) circuit having an input coupled to the first node; and a timing control circuit configured to generate a first control signal, a second control signal, and a third control signal that have a same frequency, where the first control signal is configured to turn ON and OFF the first switch alternately, the second control signal is configured to turn ON and OFF the second switch alternately, and where the third control signal determines a sampling time of the first S&H circuit and has a first pre-determined delay from a first edge of the first control signal.