The document describes systems and methods for handling local (legacy) devices. A local cloud gateway comprises a plurality of interface connectors of different types to physically connect a plurality of these legacy devices to the cloud, comprising a plurality of distant servers. Developments describe the step of extracting the functional messages out of messages stemming from local legacy devices (e.g. protocol translators), secure communications, logical representations of legacy devices in the cloud (“twins”), administration options, various user interfaces (e.g. buzzer) for seamless configuration and use, the use of one or more actuators (retroactions on the physical world), etc. Software and/or hardware embodiments are described.

A method and a system for sequencing user data packets are provided. The method includes the following. A user data packet including a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) data packet data unit (PDU) header is received at hardware of a sublayer of a data link layer. The PDCP data PDU header is decoded at the sublayer to obtain a sequence number of the user data packet. The received user data packet is queued at the sublayer according to the sequence number of the user data packet to assemble a set of consecutively numbered user data packets. At least a portion of the set of consecutively numbered user data packets is delivered from the sublayer to another sublayer of the data link layer.

A method and a system for sequencing user data packets are provided. The method includes the following. A user data packet including a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) data packet data unit (PDU) header is received at hardware of a sublayer of a data link layer. The PDCP data PDU header is decoded at the sublayer to obtain a sequence number of the user data packet. The received user data packet is queued at the sublayer according to the sequence number of the user data packet to assemble a set of consecutively numbered user data packets. At least a portion of the set of consecutively numbered user data packets is delivered from the sublayer to another sublayer of the data link layer.

A system and method is provided for timely and uniform real-time data packet transmission by a computing device. The system can include a shared packet memory buffer for storing data packets generated by a user application and a shared schedule memory buffer for storing packet identifiers and corresponding time slots for the data packets. Moreover, a kernel module is provided that operates in the kernel mode of the operating system directly above the network interface controller and can continuously poll the shared scheduled memory to access packet identifiers at corresponding time slots. Based on the packet identifiers in each time slot, the kernel module can pull the data packet having the packet identifier directly from the ring buffer and send each packet to the network interface controller for transmission as part of a media stream over a network to a media consuming device.

A system and method is provided for timely and uniform real-time data packet transmission by a computing device. The system can include a shared packet memory buffer for storing data packets generated by a user application and a shared schedule memory buffer for storing packet identifiers and corresponding time slots for the data packets. Moreover, a kernel module is provided that operates in the kernel mode of the operating system directly above the network interface controller and can continuously poll the shared scheduled memory to access packet identifiers at corresponding time slots. Based on the packet identifiers in each time slot, the kernel module can pull the data packet having the packet identifier directly from the ring buffer and send each packet to the network interface controller for transmission as part of a media stream over a network to a media consuming device.

The present disclosure provides a method executed by user equipment, including: receiving, by a radio link control “RLC” entity, a service data unit “SDU” from an upper layer. The method further includes: generating, by the RLC entity, a protocol data unit “PDU,” the PDU including at least a part of the received SDU, and a sequence number of the PDU being set according to a send state variable. The method further includes: updating, by the RLC entity, the send state variable. Furthermore, the present disclosure further provides corresponding user equipment.

Example embodiments provide a method, a user terminal, a network node in a data network, and a network node in a core network for controlling transmission of a media stream service. The method includes: receiving, from a network node in a data network, policy template information including a continuity feature of at least one media stream service; determining, based on a media stream service and the policy template information, a continuity feature of the media stream service; determining whether a protocol data unit (PDU) session capable of carrying the media stream service exists; binding the media stream service to a PDU session including the continuity feature of the media stream service, based on determining that the PDU session exists; and establishing a PDU session including the continuity feature of the media stream service, based on determining that the PDU session does not exist.

A user equipment (UE) includes a processor coupled to the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing computer-executable instructions embodied therein. The processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to determine a transmission of a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) using a first uplink (UL) resource associated with a first configured grant (CG) configuration has not been successfully performed, the first UL resource being associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, and the MAC PDU being obtained for the first HARQ process; receive a second CG configuration associated with a second UL resource for another transmission, the second UL resource being associated with a second HARQ process; and transmit the MAC PDU on the second UL resource when it is determined that the second UL resource is suitable for transmitting the MAC PDU.

A user equipment (UE) includes a processor coupled to the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing computer-executable instructions embodied therein. The processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to determine a transmission of a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) using a first uplink (UL) resource associated with a first configured grant (CG) configuration has not been successfully performed, the first UL resource being associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, and the MAC PDU being obtained for the first HARQ process; receive a second CG configuration associated with a second UL resource for another transmission, the second UL resource being associated with a second HARQ process; and transmit the MAC PDU on the second UL resource when it is determined that the second UL resource is suitable for transmitting the MAC PDU.

A method and apparatus for flushing a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) buffer in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment (UE) receives information on multiple resource pools from a network, selects a first resource pool among the multiple resource pools, and stores a media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) in the HARQ buffer for transmission via the first resource pool. When the UE reselects a second resource pool among the multiple resource pools, the UE flushes the HARQ buffer.