There is provided an optical communication device as a first optical communication device coupled to a second optical communication device through a plurality of logic links, the optical communication device including a memory, a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to generate a first control frame into which each piece of information for indicating an amount of each data to be transmitted to the second optical communication device is allocated in an order corresponding to each identification information of the plurality of logic links, and transmit the first control frame generated by the processor to the second optical communication device by using the plurality of logic links.

Disclosed is a transmitting method for a control instruction in long-distance transmission. The transmitting method includes the follows. A transmitting device obtains a first control instruction. The transmitting device encapsulates the first control instruction through a user datagram protocol (UDP) protocol to obtain a UDP packet. The transmitting device transmits the UDP packet to a first communication module via an input interface of the first communication module. With this disclosure, ultra-low latency transmission of the control instruction between devices in long-distance transmission can be achieved.

Provided are a link establishment method and apparatus and a computer-readable storage medium. The link establishment method includes: exchanging optical link auto-negotiation information with a terminal device through an optical link auto-negotiation channel; and in a case where exchanging the optical link auto-negotiation information is finished, establishing at least one of a traffic data channel or an optical link auto-negotiation channel; where the optical link auto-negotiation channel is independent of the traffic data channel or the optical link auto-negotiation channel; and the optical link auto-negotiation information includes at least one of information about an operating wavelength channel of the terminal device, an enabled or disabled state of forward error correction with the terminal device, a forward error correction type with the terminal device, or an operating mode of the auxiliary management channel.

Aspects of the disclosure involve a source node, having some predetermined knowledge of the optical network generating a list of nodes and/or optical links between nodes that form a route in the optical network from the source node to the destination node. The nodes in the optical network do not necessarily need to know the entire route from source node to destination node. Each node simply decodes the control information identifying the next hop in the route towards the destination node. By utilizing the decoded control information identifying the next hop, a switch in the node can be controlled to route the optical signal including the payload and some or all of the control information onto the next optical link toward the destination node.

The present invention discloses a message processing method of optical network termination (ONT), including: the ONT receiving an uplink message; the ONT performing a corresponding VLAN tagging operation in accordance with the characteristic value of the uplink message, wherein at least two types of uplink messages with different characteristic values have different VLAN Tags after the uplink messages are processed by the ONT. The present invention also discloses a VLAN Tag processing apparatus, an optical network termination (ONT), and a passive optical network system, which enable subsequent network devices to process the messages from the ONT in diverse ways.

A laser relay module in a free space optical communication network includes: a beacon source for generating an optical beacon signal for aligning a communication channel of a source optical node to a communication channel of a receiving optical node; a beacon inserter for encoding the optical beacon signal with switching information; a telescope for transmitting the encoded optical beacon signal to the receiving optical node; a beacon detector for detecting received switching information from the modulated optical beacon signal, wherein the receiving optical node uses the encoded optical beacon signal to align communication channel of the receiving optical node with communication channel of the source optical node; and a processor for using the detected switching information to change configuration of an optical switch matrix to direct received data to a next optical node in the free space optical communication network.

At least a method and a device for transmitting data are disclosed. The method includes obtaining n FlexE signal streams, where a transmission rate of each FlexE signal stream is a first rate, distributing an i.sup.th FlexE signal stream into m signal sub-streams, where each of the m signal sub-streams carries a first identifier, which indicate that the signal sub-stream carrying the first identifier belongs to the i.sup.th FlexE signal stream, inserting a preset quantity of padding code blocks into each of the m signal sub-streams, to obtain m padded signal sub-streams, so that transmission rate of each of the m padded signal sub-streams is equal to that of a first optical module, where the rate of the first optical module is greater than the first rate/m, and less than the first rate, and sending the m padded signal sub-streams by using m first optical modules.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a signal processing method, a network apparatus, and a system. The method includes: mapping a received first client signal into a first ODUflex; mapping the first ODUflex into an optical channel data tributary unit (ODTUCn.X) including X tributary slots, where X is a non-integer; and multiplexing the ODTUCn.X into an optical channel payload unit (OPUCn). According to the signal processing method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, carrying efficiency can be improved when a fine-grained service is transmitted, and complexity is relatively low.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for Passive Optical Network (PON) wavelength bonding are disclosed. In one aspect, a first frame of data to a first optical network unit (ONU) is transmitted by an optical line terminal (OLT) over a first wavelength. While the first frame of data is being transmitted to the first ONU over the first wavelength, a first portion of a second frame of data to a second ONU is transmitted by the OLT over a second wavelength. After transmission of the first frame of data over the first wavelength has completed and while the first portion of the second frame of data is still being transmitted to the second ONU over the second wavelength, a second portion of the second frame of data to the second ONU is transmitted by the OLT over the first wavelength.

The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for data packet switching, and an access switch and a switching system, so as to satisfy requirements of a datacenter for a switching bandwidth and a switching granularity. The method includes: receiving MAC frame control information; determining an interface used for forwarding an MAC frame according to the MAC frame control information and through performing a query on a MAC address forwarding table, where the interface used for forwarding the MAC frame includes a downlink interface, an uplink electrical packet switching network interface and/or an uplink optical packet switching network interface; transmitting a control signal to an electrical packet switching unit, so that the MAC frame is forwarded to the determined interface. According to the method provided in the present invention, the utilization rate of each interface can be improved.