An architecture to dynamically create technology based geofences around defined or definable areas for UE, in particular aerial UE, while ensuring the safe operation of UE. A method can comprise identifying aerial user equipment entering a defined geographic area that is controlled by network equipment, monitoring the aerial user equipment and tracking a trajectory associated with the aerial user equipment in relation to a restricted area included in the defined geographic area, determining that the aerial user equipment is proximate to the restricted area, transmitting to the aerial user equipment, a first customized system information block message comprising data representing a warning message, determining that the aerial user equipment, based on the warning message, has not adapted the trajectory to avoid the restricted area, and transmitting to the aerial user equipment a second customized system information block message comprising data representative of a cell individual offset value.

Techniques are described to support call routing and location for a user equipment (UE) with satellite wireless access to a serving PLMN. The UE sends a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) INVITE message to a network node, such as a P-CSCF, that includes an indication of satellite access for the UE. In response the network node sends a request to another network node for a cell ID for a fixed cell in which the UE is located. The fixed cell can be independent of satellite radio cells for the serving PLMN. The network node may receive the cell ID for the fixed cell and sends the SIP INVITE message to another network node (e.g., an E-CSCF or LRF) with the cell ID for the fixed cell. The other network node may use the cell ID to route the SIP INVITE message or obtain an approximate location of the UE.

An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: determining a set of candidate radio resources for transmitting data from a first communication node of a non-terrestrial network to a second communication node of the non-terrestrial network over a direct radio link; identifying one or more of the candidate radio resources as conflicting radio resources that conflict with at least one scheduled radio transmission in the non-terrestrial network based, at least in part, on a propagation delay associated with the at least one scheduled radio transmission and/or a propagation delay associated with the radio transmission by the first communication node; generating a subset of candidate radio resources by excluding the identified one or more conflicting radio resources from the set of candidate radio resources; and selecting a radio resource from the subset of candidate radio resources for transmitting the data over the direct radio link.

This application relates to a tamper-resistant datalink communications system. The system may include a ground-based communications module configured to be coupled to a radio controller configured to remotely control a drone comprising one or more actuators and a remote-mounted communications module configured to communicate data with the ground-based communications module. The ground-based communications module may include a ground processor configured to: receive a plurality of first signals modulated with a first modulation scheme from the radio controller, convert the plurality of first signals to a second signal modulated with a second modulation scheme different from the first modulation scheme, and generate a plurality of second duplicated signals comprising two or more duplicate signals of the second signal. The ground-based communications module may also include a plurality of ground transmitters configured to operate in different frequencies and respectively transmit the plurality of second duplicated signals to the remote-mounted communications module.

Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing network access services to mobile users via mobile terminals over a satellite system. In embodiments, dynamic multiplexing of traffic from fixed terminals and mobile users on the same satellite beam can take advantage of statistical multiplexing of large numbers of users and on different usage patterns between fixed terminals and mobile users. In embodiments, quality-of-service (QoS) is controlled for mobile devices at a per-user level. Mobile users may be provisioned on the satellite system according to a set of traffic policies based on their service level agreement (SLA). System resources of the satellite may be allocated to mobile users based on the demand of each mobile user and the set of traffic polices associated with each mobile user, regardless of which mobile terminal is used to access the system.

Methods, systems, and devices are described for providing network access services to mobile users via mobile terminals over a satellite system. In embodiments, dynamic multiplexing of traffic from fixed terminals and mobile users on the same satellite beam can take advantage of statistical multiplexing of large numbers of users and on different usage patterns between fixed terminals and mobile users. In embodiments, quality-of-service (QoS) is controlled for mobile devices at a per-user level. Mobile users may be provisioned on the satellite system according to a set of traffic policies based on their service level agreement (SLA). System resources of the satellite may be allocated to mobile users based on the demand of each mobile user and the set of traffic polices associated with each mobile user, regardless of which mobile terminal is used to access the system.

Systems and methods for mobile connectivity provisioning at an access network are described. The access network has a service connection to a service center that is external to the access network. The method includes receiving, from a mobile vehicle, an indication of a connection request for a device on the mobile vehicle. The connection request identifies the device using a media access control (MAC) address. The method includes generating a globally unique identifier (GUID) associated with the MAC address and transmitting a first message comprising the GUID to a network access terminal on the vehicle. The network access terminal redirects the connection request to the service center via a traffic connection. The redirected connection request includes the GUID. The access network receives an indication of a network service for the device from the service center; the indication identifies the device based on the GUID.

An appropriate MAC Control Element (CE) operation start timing control process is realized in an NTN system. A terminal 100 comprises: a wireless reception unit 106 that receives a MAC CE and an offset value (K.sub.MAC_ACTION, etc.).sub.; and a control unit 110 that, on the basis of the offset value, sets a slot for starting an operation based on a MAC CE control command.

The disclosure provides a method of operating a communication network. The method includes receiving input data related to a state of the communication network and operation of the communication network. The method then includes determining a policy for the communication network based on the input data. The policy is a set of features for forming a plurality of communication links in the communication network over a time interval. The plurality of communication links provides one or more paths through the communication network. Determining the policy is based at least in part on utility values of previous policies. The utility values of previous policies are derived using simulation and/or real-world implementation of the previous policies. The communication network is then operated to implement the policy in the time interval.

Methods for a New Radio (NR)-based, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) are proposed to improve cell selection and reselection by using satellite assistance information. Different from traditional 5G New Radio systems, the LEO NTN can provide the next cell information along the satellite trajectory using System Information Broadcast (SIB). The assistance information can include satellite's long term ephemeris in the format of Position Velocity (PV) information or details of satellite's other orbital parameters. During TN-NTN join coverage, as TN cells are expected to have a better coverage then NTN cells, the network can assign higher priority to the TN cells over NTN cells. Similarly, for a mobility involving earth-fixed and earth-moving beams (cells), earth-fixed cells can be prioritized over earth-moving beams for cell reselection.