The disclosure is directed to a fusion generator that includes a spherical housing. The generator may include a plurality of coils. The plurality of coils may include a poloidal field coil and a toroidal field coil formed of a high-temperature superconducting tape or ribbon. The toroidal field coil may be tilted at an angle along a toroidal field coil axis. The generator may include a graphite-fiber or graphene wrap configured to provide rigidity to one or more portion of the generator.

The disclosure is directed to a fusion generator that includes a spherical housing. The generator may include a plurality of coils. The plurality of coils may include a poloidal field coil and a toroidal field coil formed of a high-temperature superconducting tape or ribbon. The toroidal field coil may be tilted at an angle along a toroidal field coil axis. The generator may include a graphite-fiber or graphene wrap configured to provide rigidity to one or more portion of the generator.

A tokamak comprising a toroidal containment vessel and a plasma initiation system. The toroidal containment vessel is configured to contain a plasma. The plasma initiation system comprises upper and lower poloidal field, PF, coil sets. Each PF coil set comprises at least one inner PF coil located outside of the containment vessel, an outer PF coil located inside the containment vessel, and shielding located between the outer PF coil and a location of the plasma during operation of the tokamak and configured to protect the outer PF coil from heat emitted by the plasma. The inner and outer PF coils are configured so as to form a PF null within the containment vessel between the inner and outer PF coils, such that the upper and lower PF coil pairs are operable to initiate a plasma in the containment vessel via double null merging.

A tokamak comprising a toroidal containment vessel and a plasma initiation system. The toroidal containment vessel is configured to contain a plasma. The plasma initiation system comprises upper and lower poloidal field, PF, coil sets. Each PF coil set comprises at least one inner PF coil located outside of the containment vessel, an outer PF coil located inside the containment vessel, and shielding located between the outer PF coil and a location of the plasma during operation of the tokamak and configured to protect the outer PF coil from heat emitted by the plasma. The inner and outer PF coils are configured so as to form a PF null within the containment vessel between the inner and outer PF coils, such that the upper and lower PF coil pairs are operable to initiate a plasma in the containment vessel via double null merging.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

A tokamak comprising a toroidal containment vessel and a plasma initiation system. The toroidal containment vessel is configured to contain a plasma. The plasma initiation system comprises upper and lower poloidal field, PF, coil sets. Each PF coil set comprises at least one inner PF coil located outside of the containment vessel, an outer PF coil located inside the containment vessel, and shielding located between the outer PF coil and a location of the plasma during operation of the tokamak and configured to protect the outer PF coil from heat emitted by the plasma. The inner and outer PF coils are configured so as to form a PF null within the containment vessel between the inner and outer PF coils, such that the upper and lower PF coil pairs are operable to initiate a plasma in the containment vessel via double null merging.

A nuclear fusion reactor includes a chamber containing plasma and two or more devices which include superconducting electromagnetic coils. At least one of the two or more devices may be biased to a high voltage to provide thermal energy to ions in the magnetic confinement region. In some examples, the chamber and the two or more devices can be coaxial and toroid shaped. In some examples, the chamber can be spherical or cylindrical with the two or more devices being toroid or elongated toroid shaped and formed on opposite faces of a cuboid. The two or more devices may be disposed in the chamber to provide a high-beta magnetic confinement region for the plasma.

A system and method for containing plasma and forming a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) magnetic topology are described in which plasma ions are contained magnetically in stable, non-adiabatic orbits in the FRC. Further, the electrons are contained electrostatically in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. The simultaneous electrostatic confinement of electrons and magnetic confinement of ions avoids anomalous transport and facilitates classical containment of both electrons and ions. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions ions are fused together by nuclear force, thus releasing fusion energy. Moreover, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement system and method are not limited to neutronic fuels only, but also advantageously include advanced fuels.

A system and method for containing plasma and forming a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) magnetic topology are described in which plasma ions are contained magnetically in stable, non-adiabatic orbits in the FRC. Further, the electrons are contained electrostatically in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. The simultaneous electrostatic confinement of electrons and magnetic confinement of ions avoids anomalous transport and facilitates classical containment of both electrons and ions. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions ions are fused together by nuclear force, thus releasing fusion energy. Moreover, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement system and method are not limited to neutronic fuels only, but also advantageously include advanced fuels.