Systems and methods are provided that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing neutral beam injectors with tunable beam energy capabilities.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate stability of an FRC plasma in both radial and axial directions and axial position control of an FRC plasma along the symmetry axis of an FRC plasma chamber. The systems and methods exploit an axially unstable equilibria of the FRC plasma to enforce radial stability, while stabilizing or controlling the axial instability. The systems and methods provide feedback control of the FRC plasma axial position independent of the stability properties of the plasma equilibrium by acting on the voltages applied to a set of external coils concentric with the plasma and using a non-linear control technique.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate stability of an FRC plasma in both radial and axial directions and axial position control of an FRC plasma along the symmetry axis of an FRC plasma chamber. The systems and methods exploit an axially unstable equilibria of the FRC plasma to enforce radial stability, while stabilizing or controlling the axial instability. The systems and methods provide feedback control of the FRC plasma axial position independent of the stability properties of the plasma equilibrium by acting on the voltages applied to a set of external coils concentric with the plasma and using a non-linear control technique.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate stability of an FRC plasma in both radial and axial directions and axial position control of an FRC plasma along the symmetry axis of an FRC plasma chamber. The systems and methods exploit an axially unstable equilibria of the FRC plasma to enforce radial stability, while stabilizing or controlling the axial instability. The systems and methods provide feedback control of the FRC plasma axial position independent of the stability properties of the plasma equilibrium by acting on the voltages applied to a set of external coils concentric with the plasma and using a non-linear control technique.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate stability of an FRC plasma in both radial and axial directions and axial position control of an FRC plasma along the symmetry axis of an FRC plasma chamber. The systems and methods exploit an axially unstable equilibria of the FRC plasma to enforce radial stability, while stabilizing or controlling the axial instability. The systems and methods provide feedback control of the FRC plasma axial position independent of the stability properties of the plasma equilibrium by acting on the voltages applied to a set of external coils concentric with the plasma and using a non-linear control technique.

A long-pulse, high power electron beam with plasma emitters for plasma heating. The electron beam includes an arc plasma source, an electron optical system comprised of the system of acceleration grids, a beamline which includes a magnetic system to provide effective e-beam formation, transport and, ultimately, injection into a plasma confinement device of interest, a plasma generator coil, a plasma emitter coil, a lens coil, and a beam transport coil.

A long-pulse, high power electron beam with plasma emitters for plasma heating. The electron beam includes an arc plasma source, an electron optical system comprised of the system of acceleration grids, a beamline which includes a magnetic system to provide effective e-beam formation, transport and, ultimately, injection into a plasma confinement device of interest, a plasma generator coil, a plasma emitter coil, a lens coil, and a beam transport coil.

A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement vessel, two diametrically opposed reversed-field-theta-pinch formation sections coupled to the vessel, and two divertor chambers coupled to the formation sections. A magnetic system includes quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components, quasi-dc mirror coils between the confinement chamber and the formation sections, and mirror plugs between the formation sections and the divertors. The formation sections include modular pulsed power formation systems enabling static and dynamic formation and acceleration of the FRCs. The FRC system further includes neutral atom beam injectors, pellet injectors, gettering systems, axial plasma guns and flux surface biasing electrodes. The beam injectors are preferably angled toward the midplane of the chamber. In operation, FRC plasma parameters including plasma thermal energy, total particle numbers, radius and trapped magnetic flux, are sustainable at or about a constant value without decay during neutral beam injection.

Ocean water and/or heavy water will be utilized as fuel to derive fusion energy. Utilizing multiple coiled, triple-axis systems, shall produce magnetic flux densities from 10.sup.−6 Gauss to 10.sup.−21 Gauss as derived from mc.sup.2=BvLq (Jacobson Resonance). Matter may be cajoled, such as deuterons and protons to fuse, thereby providing energy. This energy will be withdrawn for conversion of heat energy to electricity.

Ocean water and/or heavy water will be utilized as fuel to derive fusion energy. Utilizing multiple coiled, triple-axis systems, shall produce magnetic flux densities from 10.sup.−6 Gauss to 10.sup.−21 Gauss as derived from mc.sup.2=BvLq (Jacobson Resonance). Matter may be cajoled, such as deuterons and protons to fuse, thereby providing energy. This energy will be withdrawn for conversion of heat energy to electricity.