A toroidally confined plasma vessel defines a magnetically confined (MC) plasma region that is substantially symmetric by rotation around a central axis and where particles traveling along magnetic fields substantially never strike a wall. A plurality of magnetic field coils provides at least one X-point and guides plasma particles from the magnetically confined plasma region to the divertor target. A total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at the divertor target differs substantially from a total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at a position of the X-point on a last closed flux surface nearest to it; and a current drive means is operative in the MC plasma, including in the region near the Last Closed Flux Surface.

A toroidally confined plasma vessel defines a magnetically confined (MC) plasma region that is substantially symmetric by rotation around a central axis and where particles traveling along magnetic fields substantially never strike a wall. A plurality of magnetic field coils provides at least one X-point and guides plasma particles from the magnetically confined plasma region to the divertor target. A total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at the divertor target differs substantially from a total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at a position of the X-point on a last closed flux surface nearest to it; and a current drive means is operative in the MC plasma, including in the region near the Last Closed Flux Surface.

A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement chamber, divertors coupled to the ends of the chamber, neutral beam injectors positioned about the chamber, and a magnetic system comprising quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components.

A plasma source is provided. The plasma source includes a chamber body inside which plasma is generated, a first mirror magnet, a second mirror magnet, and a cusp magnet provided around the chamber body and spaced apart in a axial direction thereof, each comprising permanent magnets radially spaced apart from each other to form spaces between adjacent permanent magnets thereof; and a cooling medium flow passage provided in the spaces that passes a cooling medium for cooling the chamber body.

A plasma source is provided. The plasma source includes a chamber body inside which plasma is generated, a first mirror magnet, a second mirror magnet, and a cusp magnet provided around the chamber body and spaced apart in a axial direction thereof, each comprising permanent magnets radially spaced apart from each other to form spaces between adjacent permanent magnets thereof; and a cooling medium flow passage provided in the spaces that passes a cooling medium for cooling the chamber body.

Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing neutral beam injection and high harmonic fast wave electron heating.

Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing multi-scaled capture type vacuum pumping.

Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing neutral beam injectors with tunable beam energy capabilities.

Systems and methods that facilitate the formation and maintenance of new High Performance Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs). An FRC system for the High Performance FRC (HPF) includes a central confinement vessel surrounded by two diametrically opposed reversed-field-theta-pinch formation sections and, beyond the formation sections, two divertor chambers to control neutral density and impurity contamination. A magnetic system includes a series of quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components, quasi-dc mirror coils between the confinement chamber and the adjacent formation sections, and mirror plugs between the formation sections and the divertors. The formation sections include modular pulsed power formation systems that enable FRCs to be formed in-situ and then accelerated and injected (=static formation) or formed and accelerated simultaneously (=dynamic formation). The FRC system further includes neutral atom beam injectors, a pellet injector, gettering systems, axial plasma guns and flux surface biasing electrodes.

A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement vessel, two diametrically opposed reversed-field-theta-pinch formation sections coupled to the vessel, and two divertor chambers coupled to the formation sections. A magnetic system includes quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components, quasi-dc mirror coils between the confinement chamber and the formation sections, and mirror plugs between the formation sections and the divertors. The formation sections include modular pulsed power formation systems enabling static and dynamic formation and acceleration of the FRCs. The FRC system further includes neutral atom beam injectors, pellet injectors, gettering systems, axial plasma guns and flux surface biasing electrodes. The beam injectors are preferably angled toward the midplane of the chamber. In operation, FRC plasma parameters including plasma thermal energy, total particle numbers, radius and trapped magnetic flux, are sustainable at or about a constant value without decay during neutral beam injection.