Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

An apparatus for generating a highly energetic plasma employs a low-energy neutral beam injected into a magnetically contained mirror plasma to produce plasma ions boosted in energy to fusion levels by a coordinated radiofrequency field.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for generating a plasma, comprising: (1) receiving a microwave from a co-axial cable, with a first impedance, into an electron cyclotron resonance source, the electron cyclotron resonance source comprising: a housing containing a first transform material and a transmission section; (2) passing the microwave through the first transform material with a second impedance; (3) coupling the microwave into the transmission section of the electron cyclotron resonance source, the transmission section comprising a third impedance, the transmission section comprising a first dielectric gap positioned between an inner conductor and an outer conductor; (4) generating a magnetic field with a set of magnets; and (5) accelerating cyclotron resonant electrons circulating about the magnet field with the microwave, such as where the first transform material has a thickness of one-quarter of a wavelength of the microwave.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for generating a plasma, comprising: (1) receiving a microwave from a co-axial cable, with a first impedance, into an electron cyclotron resonance source, the electron cyclotron resonance source comprising: a housing containing a first transform material and a transmission section; (2) passing the microwave through the first transform material with a second impedance; (3) coupling the microwave into the transmission section of the electron cyclotron resonance source, the transmission section comprising a third impedance, the transmission section comprising a first dielectric gap positioned between an inner conductor and an outer conductor; (4) generating a magnetic field with a set of magnets; and (5) accelerating cyclotron resonant electrons circulating about the magnet field with the microwave, such as where the first transform material has a thickness of one-quarter of a wavelength of the microwave.

A microwave-cyclotron-resonance plasma thruster including a permanent-magnet stack, a coaxial electrode array, an anode and a cathode, wherein: the permanent-magnet stack includes at least one permanent magnet, the at least one permanent magnet being annular and having a magnetisation in the axial direction; the coaxial electrode array has an inner coaxial conductor and an outer coaxial conductor; and the thruster is semiconductor-based and cylindrical, the inner cross-sectional surface area being circular or elliptical or circular-like. Also, an operating method for operating the microwave-cyclotron-resonance plasma thruster.

A microwave-cyclotron-resonance plasma thruster including a permanent-magnet stack, a coaxial electrode array, an anode and a cathode, wherein: the permanent-magnet stack includes at least one permanent magnet, the at least one permanent magnet being annular and having a magnetisation in the axial direction; the coaxial electrode array has an inner coaxial conductor and an outer coaxial conductor; and the thruster is semiconductor-based and cylindrical, the inner cross-sectional surface area being circular or elliptical or circular-like. Also, an operating method for operating the microwave-cyclotron-resonance plasma thruster.