A plasma delivery apparatus, comprising: a plasma source provided in an outer face of the delivery apparatus, the outer face arranged for facing a substrate to be treated; a transport mechanism configured to transport the substrate and the outer face relative to each other; the plasma source comprising a gas inlet to provide gas flow to a plasma generation space; the plasma generation space fluidly coupled to at least one plasma delivery port arranged in the outer face; wherein the plasma generation space is bounded by an outer face of a working electrode and a counter electrode; the working electrode comprising a dielectric layer; at least one plasma exhaust port provided in the outer face and distanced from the plasma delivery port, to exhaust plasma flowing along the outer face via said plasma exhaust port, wherein said at least one plasma delivery port and at least one plasma exhaust port are arranged to provide at least two contiguous plasma flows flowing in opposite directions that are each generated by a respective one of at least two working electrodes; and a switch circuit for switchably providing an electric voltage to the at least two working electrodes, wherein the switch circuit operates in unison with the transport mechanism.

An airflow adjusting apparatus to be provided in a vehicle includes airflow generators. The vehicle includes a front wheel and a rear wheel that are disposed in a vehicle longitudinal direction to be partly protruded from a bottom surface of a vehicle body of the vehicle downward in a vertical direction of the vehicle body. The airflow generators are provided on the bottom surface of the vehicle body and behind the front wheel. Each of the airflow generators is configured to generate an airflow along an underside of the vehicle body. The airflow has a speed component moving vehicle-widthwise inward. The airflow generators are disposed in a distributed arrangement in the vehicle longitudinal direction.

Embodiments of the invention relate to a method and apparatus for providing high thrust density plasma, and/or high control authority plasma. In specific embodiments, such high thrust density, and/or high control authority, plasma can be at or near atmospheric pressure. Embodiments pertain to a method and apparatus that use electron confinement via one or more magnetic fields, and/or one or more electric fields, in a manner to improve the ionization due to surface plasma actuators. Specific embodiments can improve ionization by several orders of magnitude. This improved ionization can result in a high electric field inside the sheath for the same applied voltage and can result in very high thrust.

The present invention relates to a method for generating atmospheric plasmas not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the control of ozone generation and, in particular, the generation of atmospheric plasmas not in thermodynamic equilibrium with a production of ozone contained below 0.5 ppmv, and preferably below the limit of 0.2 ppmv.

A flow control method is a flow control method of controlling flow around a blade of a rotary wing, a plasma actuator being disposed at the blade. The flow control method includes: determining a characteristic frequency ratio that is a characteristic value among frequency ratios, each of the frequency ratios being a ratio between an actuator driving frequency and an angle of attack changing frequency, the actuator driving frequency being a frequency of an applied voltage applied to the plasma actuator, the angle of attack changing frequency being a frequency at which an angle of attack of the blade changes in accordance with a rotation angle of the blade; setting the actuator driving frequency such that the frequency ratio becomes the characteristic frequency ratio; and applying a voltage of the set actuator driving frequency to the plasma actuator to control the flow around the blade.

A plasma source has an outer surface, interrupted by an aperture for delivering an atmospheric plasma from the outer surface. A transport mechanism transports a substrate in parallel with the outer surface, closely to the outer surface, so that gas from the atmospheric plasma may form a gas bearing between the outer surface the and the substrate. A first electrode of the plasma source has a first and second surface extending from an edge of the first electrode that runs along the aperture. The first surface defines the outer surface on a first side of the aperture. The distance between the first and second surface increasing with distance from the edge. A second electrode covered at least partly by a dielectric layer is provided with the dielectric layer facing the second surface of the first electrode, substantially in parallel with the second surface of the first electrode, leaving a plasma initiation space on said first side of the aperture, between the surface of the dielectric layer and the second surface of the first electrode. A gas inlet feeds into the plasma initiation space to provide gas flow from the gas inlet to the aperture through the plasma initiation space. Atmospheric plasma initiated in the plasma initiation space flows to the aperture, from which it leaves to react with the surface of the substrate.

In an embodiment a device includes a thermoelectric component, an electrode arranged opposite the thermoelectric component and a high voltage source configured to generate a high voltage between the thermoelectric component and the electrode sufficient to ignite a dielectric barrier discharge.

A blower including a duct configured to allow air to flow in and out and a plurality of blades disposed to be parallel to the duct. Each of the blades including a first part, a second part, and an airflow generator configured to generate airflow in a direction from the inlet to the outlet by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode which are disposed between a first electrode on a side of the inlet, a second electrode on a side of the outlet, and a dielectric. In a cross section of the blade in the airflow direction when cut in a cross section perpendicular to each of the blades, the first part has a thickness decreasing in a direction toward the inlet and the second part has a thickness decreasing in a direction toward the outlet.

A system for evaluating a bond includes first and second electrodes. A dielectric material layer is positioned at least partially between the first and second electrodes. A power source is connected to the first and second electrodes. The power source is configured to cause the first and second electrodes to generate an electrical arc. The electrical arc is configured to at least partially ablate a sacrificial material layer to generate a plasma.

A fluid control system includes a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) device, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to obtain a streamwise length scale of a fluid flowing over a surface. The processing circuitry is also configured to obtain a convective time scale of the fluid flowing over the surface. The processing circuitry is also configured to operate the DBD device, based on the streamwise length scale and the convective time scale, to adjust a flow property of the fluid.