Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

The invention concerns a method for treating in an enclosure an inner surface of a container made from polymer material, in order to deposit a barrier-effect coating there, comprising: inserting the container into the enclosure introducing a so-called precursor gas intended into the container intended, once transformed into the plasma state, to be deposited at least partially on the inner surface of the container in order to constitute the coating, the method further comprising: transforming the precursor gas into the plasma state by a combination of excitations comprising a main excitation by means of electromagnetic waves of the microwave type, and a secondary excitation by means of an electrical discharge of alternating voltage having a frequency between 1 kHz and 15 MHz. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method of the invention.

This disclosure provides a graded composition including at least a first, second, and third material property zone each having a crystallographic configuration distinct from other zones. In some implementations, the graded composition has a first material in the first material property zone including a metal, the first material composed of metallic bonds between metal atoms present in the first material property zone; a second material that at least partially overlaps the first material in the first material property zone including carbon, the second material composed of covalent bonds between the carbon in the second material and the metal in the first material; and, a third material that at least partially overlaps the second material property zone including carbon, the third material composed of covalent bonds between the carbon of the third material. Each crystallographic configuration may include a cubic crystallographic lattice, a hexagonal lattice, a face or body-centered cubic lattice.

A cooking device for frying food in a microwave oven, the cooking device comprising a low pressure gas chamber; a plasma igniting means configured to ignite plasma within the low pressure gas chamber when supplied with microwave radiation; and a cooking enclosure formed of metal, the cooking enclosure defining a food-receiving region and being thermally coupled to the low pressure gas chamber.

An ignition apparatus is provided which ignites a mixture of air and fuel gas by plasma to generate an initial flame. The apparatus includes: a spark plug that includes an inner conductor, a cylindrical outer conductor that holds the inner conductor thereinside, and a dielectric that is provided between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, and that generates plasma in a plasma formation space between the inner conductor and the outer conductor; an electromagnetic wave power supply that generates an electromagnetic wave to apply electromagnetic wave power to the spark plug; an evaluation section that evaluates a state of formation of the plasma; a determination section that determines a matching object of the electromagnetic wave based on an evaluation result by the evaluation section; and a coupled state control section that controls a matching condition of the electromagnetic wave so that the electromagnetic wave matches the matching object.

The present application relates to a plasma atomization process and apparatus for producing metallic powders from at least one wire/rod feedstock. In the process, an electric arc is applied to the at least one wire/rod feedstock to melt the same. A plasma torch is employed to generate a supersonic plasma stream at an apex at which the electric arc is transferred to the at least one wire/rod feedstock to atomize the molten wire/rod feedstock into particles. A downstream cooling chamber solidifies the particles into the metallic powders. An anti-satellite diffuser is employed to prevent recirculation of the powders in order to avoid satellite formation. In an apparatus where two wires are fed, one wire serves as an anode, and the other as a cathode.

The present disclosure relates to a cold plasma generating apparatus that can efficiently ignite (initially discharge) cold plasma and easily match common impedance and that is optimized for use in applications related to sterilization because it can uniformly distribute power to multiple plasma sources through a single power supply in a multi-plasma array configuration and increase effective plasma volume, and a multi-cold plasma array apparatus comprising the same.

A compound double coaxial line atmospheric pressure low-temperature microwave plasma jet source includes an outer coaxial line, and an inner coaxial line arranged inside the outer coaxial line. The outer coaxial line includes a tube body. A metal tube is arranged in the tube body. A short-circuit plunger is arranged at the bottom of the metal tube. The inner coaxial line includes a needle electrode, and the needle electrode is arranged in the metal tube. A first gas inlet is arranged on the tube body, and the first gas inlet is connected between the tube body and the metal tube. A second gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the metal tube, and the second gas inlet is connected between the metal tube and the needle electrode. The tube body is further provided with a microwave input port, and the microwave input port is connected to the metal tube.

Described herein is a technology related to a method for generating a high density plasma ionization on a plasma processing system. Particularly, the high density plasma ionization may include an electron cyclotron resonant (ECR) plasma that is utilized for semiconductor fabrication such as an etching of a substrate. The ECR plasma may be generated by a combination of electromagnetic fields from a resonant structure, radiated microwave energy from a radio frequency (RF) microwave source, and presence of a low-pressure plasma region (e.g., about 1 mTorr or less) on the plasma processing system.

Certain embodiments described herein are directed to a torch that includes a lanthanide or actinide material. In some embodiments, the torch can include one or more other materials in combination with the lanthanide or actinide material. In some embodiments, the torch can comprise cerium, terbium or thorium. In other embodiments, the torch can comprise a lanthanide or actinide material comprising a melting point higher than the melting point of quartz.