Provided is a piezoelectric thin film device containing: a first electrode layer; and a piezoelectric thin film. The first electrode layer contains a metal Me having a crystal structure. The piezoelectric thin film contains aluminum nitride having a wurtzite structure. The aluminum nitride contains a divalent metal element Md and a tetravalent metal element Mt. [Al] is an amount of Al contained in the aluminum nitride, [Md] is an amount of Md contained in the aluminum nitride, [Mt] is an amount of Mt contained in the aluminum nitride, ([Md]+[Mt])/([Al]+[Md]+[Mt]) is 36 to 70 atom %. L.sub.ALN is a lattice length of the aluminum nitride in a direction that is approximately parallel to a surface of the first electrode layer with which the piezoelectric thin film is in contact, L.sub.METAL is a lattice length of Me in a direction, and L.sub.ALN is longer than L.sub.METAL.

An apparatus and method, the apparatus including a charge carrier wherein the charge carrier includes a continuous three dimensional framework including a plurality of cavities throughout the framework; sensor material provided throughout the charge carrier; wherein the sensor material is configured to transduce a detected input and change conductivity of the charge carrier in dependence of the detected input.

Provided are a polymer composite piezoelectric body in which the conversion efficiency between electricity and sound is increased and thus the sound pressure level is improved, an electroacoustic transduction film, and an electroacoustic transducer. The polymer composite piezoelectric body includes a viscoelastic matrix formed of a polymer material having a cyanoethyl group, piezoelectric body particles which are dispersed in the viscoelastic matrix and have an average particle diameter of more than or equal to 2.5 μm, and dielectric particles dispersed in the viscoelastic matrix, in which the dielectric particles are formed of a material different from that of the piezoelectric body particles and have an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 0.5 μm and a relative permittivity of more than or equal to 80.

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor includes a crystal plate, a buffer layer, and an electrode. The crystal plate has a first surface and a second surface. The second surface is opposite the first surface. The buffer layer includes a first buffer layer and a second buffer layer. The first buffer layer is disposed on the first surface of the crystal plate. the second buffer layer is disposed on the second surface of the crystal plate. The electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is disposed on the first buffer layer. The second electrode is disposed on the second buffer layer. The electrode includes at least one of titanium, scandium, beryllium, cobalt, yttrium, zirconium, technetium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, lutetium, hafnium, rhenium, osmium, americium, curium, berkelium, and californium.

A crystal pattern forming method includes: an electromagnetic wave absorbing layer forming process for forming an electromagnetic wave absorbing layer on one of surfaces of a substrate; an amorphous film forming process for forming an amorphous film on the electromagnetic wave absorbing layer; a mask forming process for forming an electromagnetic wave blocking mask for blocking an electromagnetic wave on the other one of the surfaces of the substrate; and a crystallizing process for causing the substrate to be irradiated with the electromagnetic wave from the other one of the surfaces of the substrate through the electromagnetic wave blocking mask to crystallize a given region in the amorphous film. In the mask forming process, a recessed structure is formed on the other one of the surfaces of the substrate, by selectively removing the other one of the surfaces of the substrate to form a recessed portion.

Display panel and display apparatus including the same. A display panel includes a first substrate including a display portion configured to display an image, a second substrate attached to the first substrate by an adhesive member, and a vibration generating module within the adhesive member to overlap the display portion. The vibration generating module is surrounded by the second substrate and the adhesive member.

The disclosed embodiments are generally directed to optical systems. The optical systems may include a proximal lens that may transmit light toward an eye of a user. The optical systems may also include a distal lens that may, in combination with the proximal lens, correct for at least a portion of a refractive error of the eye of the user. The optical systems may further include a selective transmission interface. The selective transmission interface may couple the proximal lens to the distal lens, transmits light having a selected property, and does not transmit light that does not have the selected property. The optical system can also include an accommodative lens, such as a liquid lens. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Provided are a preparation method of a piezoelectric composite material, and the application thereof. The preparation method includes: step 1, designing a curved-surface 3D printed mesh mold and forming the curved-surface 3D printed mesh mold by printing; step 2, cutting a blocky piezoelectric phase into a plurality of small piezoelectric columns; step 3, inserting the small piezoelectric columns into empty cells of the 3D printed mold; step 4, filling gaps between the piezoelectric columns and the 3D printed mold with a non-piezoelectric phase such as an epoxy resin, and curing and forming the non-piezoelectric phase; and step 5, grinding, polishing, and ultrasonically cleaning a prepared sample, and then performing an electrode coating operation on the sample to obtain a curved-surface piezoelectric composite material.

Embodiments described herein involve methods of forming an interactive card with indicators on a substrate. A plurality of indicators are formed on the substrate by way of a printed electronics process. A plurality of displaceable regions of piezoelectric material are formed on the substrate by way of a printed electronics process. Electrical interconnections are formed on the substrate by way of a printed electronics process, the electrical interconnections connecting an indicator and an associated displaceable region of piezoelectric material such that displacement of the associated displaceable region of piezoelectric material generates a voltage therein that is provided to the indicator in order to actuate the indicator and thereby indicate displacement of the associated displaceable region of piezoelectric material.

Parts made by additive manufacturing are often structural in nature, rather than having functional properties conveyed by a polymer or other component present therein. Printed parts having piezoelectric properties may be formed using compositions comprising a plurality of piezoelectric particles dispersed in at least a portion of a polymer matrix comprising first polymer material and a sacrificial material, the sacrificial material being removable from the polymer matrix to define a plurality of pores in the polymer matrix. The piezoelectric particles may remain substantially non-agglomerated when combined with the polymer matrix. The sacrificial material may comprise a second polymer material. The compositions may define a composite having a form factor such as a composite filament, a composite pellet, a composite powder, or a composite paste. Additive manufacturing processes may comprise forming a printed part by depositing the compositions layer-by-layer and introducing porosity therein.