Methods and systems for direct atomic layer etching and deposition on or in a substrate using charged particle beams. Electrostatically-deflected charged particle beam columns can be targeted in direct dependence on the design layout database to perform atomic layer etch and atomic layer deposition, expressing pattern with selected 3D-structure. Reducing the number of process steps in patterned atomic layer etch and deposition reduces manufacturing cycle time and increases yield by lowering the probability of defect introduction. Local gas and photon injectors and detectors are local to corresponding columns, and support superior, highly-configurable process execution and control.

A method and structure, the structure having a substrate, an active device in an active device semiconductor region; of the substrate, a microwave transmission line, on the substrate, electrically connected to the active device, and microwave energy absorbing dummy fill elements on the substrate. The method includes providing a structure having a substrate, an active device region on a surface of the structure, an ohmic contact material on the active device region, and a plurality of dummy fill elements on the surface to provide uniform heating of the substrate during a rapid thermal anneal process, the ohmic contact material and the dummy fill elements having the same radiant energy reflectivity. The rapid thermal anneal processing forms an ohmic contact between an ohmic contact material and the active device region and simultaneously converts the dummy fill elements into microwave lossy dummy fill elements.

An envelope of an ultraviolet (UV) bulb comprises a tube of UV transmissive material configured to contain a UV emissive material and a plasma resistant coating on an inner surface of the tube wherein the coating has been deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and is the only material attached to the inner surface of the tube. The tube can be an endless tube having a circular shape and the coating can be an ALD aluminum oxide coating. The UV transmissive material can comprise quartz or fused silica and the tube can have a wall thickness of about 1 to about 2 mm. The coating can have a thickness of no greater than about 200 nm such as about 120 nm to 160 nm. The circular tube can be formed into a torus shape which can have an outer diameter of about 200 mm and the tube itself can have an outer diameter of about 30 mm. The ALD aluminum oxide coating can be a pinhole free conformal coating. A UV bulb comprising the envelope can contain mercury and inert gas such as argon with pressure inside the UV bulb below 100 Torr. A method of curing a film on a semiconductor substrate, comprises supporting a semiconductor substrate in a curing chamber and exposing a layer on the semiconductor substrate to UV radiation produced by the UV bulb. Other uses include semiconductor substrate surface cleaning or sterilization of fluids and objects.

An envelope of an ultraviolet (UV) bulb comprises a tube of UV transmissive material configured to contain a UV emissive material and a plasma resistant coating on an inner surface of the tube wherein the coating has been deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and is the only material attached to the inner surface of the tube. The tube can be an endless tube having a circular shape and the coating can be an ALD aluminum oxide coating. The UV transmissive material can comprise quartz or fused silica and the tube can have a wall thickness of about 1 to about 2 mm. The coating can have a thickness of no greater than about 200 nm such as about 120 nm to 160 nm. The circular tube can be formed into a torus shape which can have an outer diameter of about 200 mm and the tube itself can have an outer diameter of about 30 mm. The ALD aluminum oxide coating can be a pinhole free conformal coating. A UV bulb comprising the envelope can contain mercury and inert gas such as argon with pressure inside the UV bulb below 100 Torr. A method of curing a film on a semiconductor substrate, comprises supporting a semiconductor substrate in a curing chamber and exposing a layer on the semiconductor substrate to UV radiation produced by the UV bulb. Other uses include semiconductor substrate surface cleaning or sterilization of fluids and objects.

There is provided a technique for easily inspecting the modification state of a film in a semiconductor substrate. A modification processing device modifies a film by irradiating a semiconductor substrate with pulsed light emitted from a light irradiation part. The modification processing device includes an electromagnetic wave detection part for detecting an electromagnetic wave pulse including a millimeter wave or a terahertz wave radiated from the semiconductor substrate in response to the irradiation with the pulsed light. The modification processing device further includes a modification determination part for determining the modification state, based on the intensity of the electromagnetic wave pulse.

There is provided a technique for easily inspecting the modification state of a film in a semiconductor substrate. A modification processing device modifies a film by irradiating a semiconductor substrate with pulsed light emitted from a light irradiation part. The modification processing device includes an electromagnetic wave detection part for detecting an electromagnetic wave pulse including a millimeter wave or a terahertz wave radiated from the semiconductor substrate in response to the irradiation with the pulsed light. The modification processing device further includes a modification determination part for determining the modification state, based on the intensity of the electromagnetic wave pulse.

A method of forming a semiconductor device structure comprises forming at least one 2D material over a substrate. The at least one 2D material is treated with at least one laser beam having a frequency of electromagnetic radiation corresponding to a resonant frequency of crystalline defects within the at least one 2D material to selectively energize and remove the crystalline defects from the at least one 2D material. Additional methods of forming a semiconductor device structure, and related semiconductor device structures, semiconductor devices, and electronic systems are also described.

A system is disclosed for measuring an impedance of a plasma processing chamber. The system includes a radiofrequency signal generator configured to output a radiofrequency signal based on a frequency setpoint and provide an indication of an actual frequency of the radiofrequency signal, where the actual frequency can be different than the frequency setpoint. The system includes an impedance control module including at least one variable impedance control device. A difference between the actual frequency of the radiofrequency signal as output by the radiofrequency signal generator and the frequency setpoint is partially dependent upon a setting of the at least one variable impedance control device and is partially dependent upon the impedance of the plasma processing chamber. The system includes a connector configured to connect with a radiofrequency signal supply line of the plasma processing chamber. The impedance control module is connected between the radiofrequency signal generator and the connector.

Embodiments described herein relate to apparatus and methods of thermal processing. More specifically, apparatus and methods described herein relate to laser thermal treatment of semiconductor substrates by increasing the uniformity of energy distribution in an image at a surface of a substrate.

Even a radiation thermometer using a quantum infrared sensor appropriately measures the temperature of a substrate irradiated with a flash of light. A heat treatment apparatus includes a quantum infrared sensor configured to measure a temperature of the first substrate and a temperature of the second substrate. The heat treatment apparatus further includes a temperature correction unit configured to correct, using a correction coefficient calculated based on the reference temperature and the shift temperature, a temperature of the second substrate on which second heat treatment having irradiation with the flash of light is performed, the temperature being measured by the quantum infrared sensor.