To provide a sealing material sheet for a solar-cell module that has high productivity without performing crosslinking processing, and has a high tensile shear adhesion force at normal temperature at a high level in addition to heat resistance and molding characteristics. A sealing material sheet is a multi-layer sheet using a polyethylene-based resin as a base resin, a core layer has a density of 0.880 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.895 g/cm.sup.3 and a melting point of 70° C. or higher, a skin layer has a density of 0.880 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.910 g/cm.sup.3 and a melting point of 90° C. or lower and contains a silane-modified polyethylene-based resin, a weight average molecular weight of the silane-modified polyethylene-based resin contained in the skin layer 11 in terms of polystyrene is 70000 to 120000, and a polymerized silane amount of the skin layer in the whole resin component is 300 ppm to 2000 ppm.

A system for wafer processing, includes: a frame comprising a frame opening; and a membrane configured to couple to the frame and to cover at least a part of the frame opening, the membrane comprising a membrane opening, wherein the membrane opening has a membrane opening area that is equal to or less than a frame opening area of the frame opening; wherein the membrane is configured for coupling with the wafer, wherein when the wafer is coupled with the membrane, the wafer covers the membrane opening, and wherein the membrane is configured to maintain the wafer at a certain position with respect to the frame; and wherein the membrane opening area is less than a total area of the wafer.

The present invention relates to a device (100) for light exposure regulation of agricultural goods and energy production, in particular electrical energy production, by converting or transmitting a highly-directional component (81) of incident light (80) and by transmitting a diffuse component (82) of incident light (80), comprising: #an optical arrangement (40) comprising a first optical layer (41), wherein the first optical layer (41) comprises a plurality of primary optical elements (47); #a light energy conversion layer (50) at least partially transparent to light and comprising a plurality of distant light energy conversion elements (51) capable of converting light energy in an output energy; #a shifting mechanism (60) for moving the optical arrangement (40) relative to the light energy conversion layer (50) or vice versa; and #a frame element (10) to which either the optical arrangement (40) or the light energy conversion layer (50) is attached, wherein the shifting mechanism (60) is arranged to displace the optical arrangement (40) or the light energy conversion layer (50) translationally relative to the frame element (10), through one or more translation element (65), wherein the primary optical elements (47) of the first optical layer (41) and the shifting mechanism (60) are designed such that the highly-directional component (81) of incident light (80) is directable onto the light energy conversion elements (51) of the light energy conversion layer (50) and such that the diffuse component (82) of incident light (80) is transmittable through the regions of the light energy conversion layer (50) not covered by the light energy conversion elements (51), and wherein the amount of light transmitted through the device (100) is controllable. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a corresponding method and use for converting light energy with the aforementioned device.

Embodiments provide solar panels and methods of assembly thereof, permitting operation of a photovoltaic material with reduced degradation. As one example, a solar panel comprises one or more solar cells that include perovskite, the one or more solar cells encapsulated by a film and housed in a glass exterior that is hermetically sealed to maintain a vacuum in an interior of the solar panel of 10.sup.−7 Pascal or less throughout a lifetime of the solar panel. In this way, degradation of the solar panel due to water ingress can be avoided, thereby increasing an operational lifetime of perovskite-based solar panels and reducing manufacturing costs as compared to silicon-based counterparts.

The present disclosure provides a device for generating electricity. The device comprises a panel having an area that is transparent for at least a portion of visible light and having a light receiving surface. The panel comprises at least one series of solar cells, each solar cell having opposite major surfaces having opposite electrical polarities, each solar cell overlapping another one of the solar cells and being electrically connected in series. The at least one series of solar cells is positioned along and in the proximity of an edge of the panel, along the area that is transparent for at least a portion of visible light and substantially parallel the light receiving surface of the panel.

Some examples of the solar panels described herein mitigate wind resistance problems in comparison to conventional solar panels by introducing porosity to the panel that permits the free flow of air, rain, and sunlight through the panel. The flow of air dramatically reduces the wind resistance allowing the panel to be installed substantially above ground level, freeing the land under the panels to be used for other purposes. Additional benefits are that rain and sunlight can reach the ground under the panels to sustain plant and animal life without the permanent environmental damage associated with the implementation of traditional solar panels in solar energy farms. In addition, the solar panels described herein can be made of materials that have higher heat conductivity and are recyclable or reusable.

A process for the preparation of colored solar cells or colored solar cell modules containing a colored polymer film with oriented effect pigments, and colored solar cells or colored solar cell modules prepared by this process.

A system includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules, each having at least one solar cell, an encapsulant encapsulating the solar cell, a frontsheet, and a backsheet. The encapsulant and the frontsheet are transparent. The backsheet includes a first section and a second section juxtaposed with the first section. The first section is transparent and the second section is non-transparent. A first end of the frontsheet, a first end of the encapsulant, and the first section of the backsheet form a transparent portion. A first photovoltaic module overlays at least a portion of a second photovoltaic module. The transparent portion of the first photovoltaic module overlays at least a portion of the at least one solar cell of the second photovoltaic module.

According to the embodiments provided herein, a photovoltaic device can include an absorber layer. The absorber layer can be doped p-type with a Group V dopant and can have a carrier concentration of the Group V dopant greater than 4×10.sup.15 cm.sup.−3. The absorber layer can include oxygen in a central region of the absorber layer. The absorber layer can include an alkali metal in the central region of the absorber layer. Methods for carrier activation can include exposing an absorber layer to an annealing compound in a reducing environment. The annealing compound can include cadmium chloride and an alkali metal chloride.

The present invention provides a hybrid, concentrating photovoltaic-solar thermal (CPV/T) system and components thereof, and methods for converting solar energy to electricity at high efficiencies while capturing and storing solar thermal energy for later deployment.