An electrochemical reaction device includes: a first electrolytic solution tank having a first storage part and a second storage part; a second electrolytic solution tank having a third storage part and a fourth storage part; a first reduction electrode layer immersed in a first electrolytic solution; a first oxidation electrode layer immersed in a second electrolytic solution; a first generator electrically connected to the first reduction electrode and the first oxidation electrode layer; a second reduction electrode layer immersed in a third electrolytic solution; a second oxidation electrode layer immersed in a fourth electrolytic solution; a second generator electrically connected to the second reduction electrode and the second oxidation electrode layer; and at least one flow path out of a first flow path connecting the first storage part and the fourth storage part and a second flow path connecting the second storage part and the third storage part.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a three-dimensional framework silicon/perovskite tandem solar cell and its preparation method. The three-dimensional framework silicon/perovskite tandem solar cell comprises a formal structure or a trans structure; a p-type amorphous silicon layer, a top electrode light-transmitting layer, an n-type transmission layer, a perovskite thin film, a p-type transmission layer, a buffer layer and a transparent electrode which are sequentially laminated on a substrate from bottom to top; when it is in a trans structure, it comprises a p-type silicon nanowire, an i-type intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, an n-type amorphous silicon layer, a top electrode light-transmitting layer, a p-type transmission layer, a perovskite thin film. The present invention can improve the absorption efficiency of the cell for incident light, broaden the absorption spectrum, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

A photovoltaic device includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells coupled in series, the photovoltaic cells including a first contact layer disposed over a first substrate, a first charge transport layer (CTL) disposed over the first contact layer, an absorber layer disposed over the first CTL, a second CTL disposed over the absorber layer, and an ultraviolet (UV) blocking layer comprising a first layer formed on a first side of the first substrate and a second layer formed over the first layer, wherein a refractive index (RI) between the first layer and the first substrate is less than or equal to 1.3, and an RI between the second layer and the first layer is from about 0.75 and about 1.5