Methods, anode material particles, mixtures, anodes and lithium-ion batteries are provided, having passivated silicon-based particles that enable processing in oxidizing environments such as water-based slurries. Methods comprise forming a mixture of silicon particles with nanoparticles (NPs) and a carbon-based binders and/or surfactants, wherein the NPs comprise at least one of: metalloid oxide NPs, metalloid salt NPs and carbon NPs, reducing the mixture to yield a reduced mixture comprising coated silicon particles with a coating providing a passivation layer (possibly amorphous), and consolidating the reduced mixture to form an anode. It is suggested that the NPs provide nucleation sites for the passivation layer on the surface of the silicon particlesenabling significant anode-formation process simplifications such as using water-based slurriesenabled by disclosed methods and anode active material particles.

Methods, anode material particles, mixtures, anodes and lithium-ion batteries are provided, having passivated silicon-based particles that enable processing in oxidizing environments such as water-based slurries. Methods comprise forming a mixture of silicon particles with nanoparticles (NPs) and a carbon-based binders and/or surfactants, wherein the NPs comprise at least one of: metalloid oxide NPs, metalloid salt NPs and carbon NPs, reducing the mixture to yield a reduced mixture comprising coated silicon particles with a coating providing a passivation layer (possibly amorphous), and consolidating the reduced mixture to form an anode. It is suggested that the NPs provide nucleation sites for the passivation layer on the surface of the silicon particlesenabling significant anode-formation process simplifications such as using water-based slurriesenabled by disclosed methods and anode active material particles.

To provide a method for forming a storage battery electrode including an active material layer with high density in which the proportion of conductive additive is low and the proportion of the active material is high. To provide a storage battery having a higher capacity per unit volume of an electrode with the use of a storage battery electrode formed by the formation method. A method for forming a storage battery electrode includes the steps of forming a mixture including an active material, graphene oxide, and a binder; providing a mixture over a current collector; and immersing the mixture provided over the current collector in a polar solvent containing a reducer, so that the graphene oxide is reduced.

To provide a method for forming a storage battery electrode including an active material layer with high density in which the proportion of conductive additive is low and the proportion of the active material is high. To provide a storage battery having a higher capacity per unit volume of an electrode with the use of a storage battery electrode formed by the formation method. A method for forming a storage battery electrode includes the steps of forming a mixture including an active material, graphene oxide, and a binder; providing a mixture over a current collector; and immersing the mixture provided over the current collector in a polar solvent containing a reducer, so that the graphene oxide is reduced.

The present disclosure provides a method for making a cathode active material coating liquid. A phosphate ester solution is formed by adding a phosphate ester in an alcoholic solvent. An aluminum nitrate is introduced in the phosphate ester solution. The aluminum nitrate is soluble to the alcoholic solvent, and reacts with the phosphate ester to form a homogeneous clear solution. A pH value of the homogeneous clear solution is regulated to a range from about 6 to about 7 by adding an acidity regulator. The acidity regulator contains ammonium cation. The ammonium nitrate is removed from the clear solution after regulating the pH value. A method for coating the cathode active material is also provided.

The present disclosure provides a method for making a cathode active material coating liquid. A phosphate ester solution is formed by adding a phosphate ester in an alcoholic solvent. An aluminum nitrate is introduced in the phosphate ester solution. The aluminum nitrate is soluble to the alcoholic solvent, and reacts with the phosphate ester to form a homogeneous clear solution. A pH value of the homogeneous clear solution is regulated to a range from about 6 to about 7 by adding an acidity regulator. The acidity regulator contains ammonium cation. The ammonium nitrate is removed from the clear solution after regulating the pH value. A method for coating the cathode active material is also provided.

The present disclosure provides a positive electrode plate, a preparation method thereof and a sodium-ion battery. The positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material film. The positive electrode active material film provided on the positive electrode current collector and comprises a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material comprises a prussian blue analogue material, a molecular formula of the prussian blue analogue material is A.sub.xM[M(CN).sub.6].sub.y, a water content of the positive electrode active material film is 100 g/g5000 g/g. The water content of the positive electrode active material film is controlled within a certain range, which can not only ensure the sodium-ion battery do not seriously swell during charge-discharge process, but also can ensure sodium-ion battery have excellent charge-discharge performance and cycle performance.

The present disclosure provides a positive electrode plate, a preparation method thereof and a sodium-ion battery. The positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material film. The positive electrode active material film provided on the positive electrode current collector and comprises a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material comprises a prussian blue analogue material, a molecular formula of the prussian blue analogue material is A.sub.xM[M(CN).sub.6].sub.y, a water content of the positive electrode active material film is 100 g/g5000 g/g. The water content of the positive electrode active material film is controlled within a certain range, which can not only ensure the sodium-ion battery do not seriously swell during charge-discharge process, but also can ensure sodium-ion battery have excellent charge-discharge performance and cycle performance.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, comprising: (a) mixing an inorganic filler and an elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of an anode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein at least a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of anode particles being encapsulated by a layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 m, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.7 S/cm to 510.sup.2 S/cm and the inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V versus Li/Li.sup.+.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, comprising: (a) mixing an inorganic filler and an elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of an anode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein at least a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of anode particles being encapsulated by a layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 m, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.7 S/cm to 510.sup.2 S/cm and the inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V versus Li/Li.sup.+.