A sulfur-carbon composite including a carbon-based material of which surface is modified by acid treatment is provided, as well as a method for preparing the same, and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same. A sulfur-carbon composite suppresses polysulfide elution when used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium-sulfur battery by including a carbon-based material of which surface is modified to have a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group capable of adsorbing polysulfide on the surface. Accordingly, capacity property and life time property of the battery may be enhanced. In addition, a surface of the carbon-based material can be modified using a simple process of treating with a mixed solution of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and a content of functional groups on the surface can be controlled depending on a mixing ratio of the nitric acid and the sulfuric acid.

Disclosed is a process for producing semiconductor nanowires having a diameter or thickness from 2 nm to 100 nm, the process comprising: (A) preparing a semiconductor material particulate having a size from 50 nm to 500 m, selected from Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, Te, a combination thereof, a compound thereof, or a combination thereof with Si; (B) depositing a catalytic metal, in the form of nanoparticles having a size from 1 nm to 100 nm or a coating having a thickness from 1 nm to 100 nm, onto surfaces of the semiconductor material particulate to form a catalyst metal-coated semiconductor material; and (C) exposing the catalyst metal-coated semiconductor material to a high temperature environment, from 100 C. to 2,500 C., for a period of time sufficient to enable a catalytic metal-assisted growth of multiple semiconductor nanowires from the particulate.

Disclosed is a process for producing semiconductor nanowires having a diameter or thickness from 2 nm to 100 nm, the process comprising: (A) preparing a semiconductor material particulate having a size from 50 nm to 500 m, selected from Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, Te, a combination thereof, a compound thereof, or a combination thereof with Si; (B) depositing a catalytic metal, in the form of nanoparticles having a size from 1 nm to 100 nm or a coating having a thickness from 1 nm to 100 nm, onto surfaces of the semiconductor material particulate to form a catalyst metal-coated semiconductor material; and (C) exposing the catalyst metal-coated semiconductor material to a high temperature environment, from 100 C. to 2,500 C., for a period of time sufficient to enable a catalytic metal-assisted growth of multiple semiconductor nanowires from the particulate.

A method for making a positive electrode includes the following steps: dispersing a plurality of carbon nanotubes in water, to form a carbon nanotube dispersion; adding an aniline solution into the carbon nanotube dispersion, to form a mixed solution; adding an initiator into the mixed solution, to form a carbon nanotube composite structure preform; freeze-drying the carbon nanotube composite structure preform in a vacuum environment; carbonizing the carbon nanotube composite structure preform in a protective gas after freeze-drying, to form a carbon nanotube composite structure; and adding a positive electrode active material into the carbon nanotube composite structure. The present application also relates to the positive electrode and a battery including the positive electrode.

A composition for forming an active material layer, including a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, an active material, a conductive auxiliary agent including a carbonaceous material, and a dispersion medium, in which the dispersion medium includes at least one ketone compound dispersion medium in which two aliphatic groups each having 4 or more carbon atoms are bonded to a carbonyl group; a method for manufacturing the composition for forming an active material layer; a method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte-containing sheet; and a method for manufacturing an all-solid state secondary battery.

A composition for forming an active material layer, including a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, an active material, a conductive auxiliary agent including a carbonaceous material, and a dispersion medium, in which the dispersion medium includes at least one ketone compound dispersion medium in which two aliphatic groups each having 4 or more carbon atoms are bonded to a carbonyl group; a method for manufacturing the composition for forming an active material layer; a method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte-containing sheet; and a method for manufacturing an all-solid state secondary battery.

The invention relates to composite multilayer lithium ion battery anodes that include a porous metal alloy foam, and a lithium ion conductor coating applied to the metal alloy foam. The metal alloy foam can include structurally isomorphous alloys of lithium and, optionally, lithium and magnesium. The lithium ion conductor coating can include ternary lithium silicate, such as, lithium orthosilicate. Lithium ions from the ternary lithium silicate may be deposited within the pores of the metal alloy foam. Optionally, the lithium ion conductor coating may include a dopant. The dopant can include one or more of magnesium, calcium, vanadium, niobium and fluorine, and mixtures and combinations thereof.

An energy storage device can include a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode. At least one of the electrodes can include an electrode film prepared by a dry process. The electrode film and/or the electrode can comprise a prelithiating material. Processes and apparatuses used for fabricating the electrode and/or electrode film are also described.

The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are materials and fabrication processes of such supercapacitors. In some embodiments, an electrochemical system comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide framework.

Provided are a cathode active material including lithium transition metal phosphate particles, including a first secondary particle formed by agglomeration of two or more first primary particles, and a second secondary particle formed by agglomeration of two or more second primary particles in the first secondary particle, and a method of preparing the same. Since the cathode active material may include first and second primary particles having different average particle diameters, the exfoliation of the cathode active material from a cathode collector may be minimized and performance characteristics, such as high output characteristics and an increase in available capacity, of a secondary battery may be further improved.