Square section liquid metal batteries (LMBs) with a grid device to suppress instabilities of fluids. The LMBs include a shell, negative current collector, negative material, metallic nets/plates, grid device, electrolyte, positive material, rectangular holes on partitions of grid device, and positive current collector. The positive material, electrolyte, and negative material are filled in the shell and automatically stratified from bottom to top according to the density from large to small. The negative current collector is linked with negative material, and the positive current collector is linked with positive material. The grid device is composed of partitions which cross each other and pass through the negative material, the electrolyte vertically in sequence, and extend inside the positive material. There are rectangular holes opened on the grid device, and the vertical height of each rectangular hole is larger than the biggest displacement of electrolyte during charging and discharging processes.

A lithium primary battery includes a wound electrode body obtained by winding a sheet-like positive electrode, a sheet-like negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The positive electrode includes manganese dioxide as a positive electrode active material. The negative electrode includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metallic lithium and lithium alloys, and has a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposite to the first principal surface. An entire surface of each of the first principal surface and the second principal surface faces the positive electrode. A total area of the first principal surface and the second principal surface is 100 cm.sup.2 or more and 180 cm.sup.2 or less.

A secondary battery includes: a positive electrode having a positive-electrode current collector and a positive-electrode active-material layer; a negative electrode having a negative-electrode current collector and a negative-electrode active-material layer; a electrolyte; and an insulating tape covering a portion of the positive electrode. Furthermore, the positive-electrode current collector has an exposed section that the positive-electrode active-material layer is not disposed. In addition, at least a portion of the exposed section is covered with the insulating tape; the insulating tape has a substrate material layer and an adhesive layer; and the adhesive layer includes an adhesive agent and an insulating inorganic material.

A secondary battery includes: a positive electrode having a positive-electrode current collector and a positive-electrode active-material layer; a negative electrode having a negative-electrode current collector and a negative-electrode active-material layer; a electrolyte; and an insulating tape covering a portion of the positive electrode. Furthermore, the positive-electrode current collector has an exposed section that the positive-electrode active-material layer is not disposed. In addition, at least a portion of the exposed section is covered with the insulating tape; the insulating tape has a substrate material layer and an adhesive layer; and the adhesive layer includes an adhesive agent and an insulating inorganic material.

Electrochemical cells comprising electrodes comprising lithium (e.g., in the form of a solid solution with non-lithium metals), from which in situ current collectors may be formed, are generally described.

A method for producing an all solid state battery in which an anode foil, an anode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a cathode layer are layered in this order, and an area of the solid electrolyte layer and the anode layer is larger than an area of the cathode layer is disclosed. The method includes a first pressing step of roll-pressing a first layered body so an adhesive force between the anode foil and the anode layer becomes 30 N/cm.sup.2 or more, to form a second layered body; a layered body forming step of forming a third layered body comprising the anode foil, the anode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the cathode layer, using the second layered body; and a second pressing step of roll-pressing the third layered body with a linear pressure of 1.0 t/cm or more to form a forth layered body.

A lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, an elastic and flame retardant composite separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, and a working electrolyte. The elastic flame retardant composite separator comprises a high-elasticity polymer and from 1% to 99% by weight of a flame retardant additive dissolved in, dispersed in, or bonded to the high-elasticity polymer. The composite separator has a thickness from 50 nm to 100 μm and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−8 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature and the high elasticity polymer has a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 1,000% when measured without any additive dispersed therein. The polymer composite may further comprise particles of an optional inorganic solid electrolyte dispersed therein.

A system and method for optimizing electrochemical cells including electrodes employing coordination compounds by mediating water content within a desired water content profile that includes sufficient coordinated water and reduces non-coordinated water below a desired target and with electrochemical cells including a coordination compound electrochemically active in one or more electrodes, with an improvement in electrochemical cell manufacture that relaxes standards for water content of electrochemical cells having one or more electrodes including one or more such transition metal cyanide coordination compounds.

Provided herein are ionically conductive solid-state compositions that include ionically conductive inorganic particles in a matrix of an organic material. The resulting composite material has high ionic conductivity and mechanical properties that facilitate processing. In particular embodiments, the ionically conductive solid-state compositions are compliant and may be cast as films. In some embodiments of the present invention, solid-state electrolytes including the ionically conductive solid-state compositions are provided. In some embodiments of the present invention, electrodes including the ionically conductive solid-state compositions are provided. The present invention further includes embodiments that are directed to methods of manufacturing the ionically conductive solid-state compositions and batteries incorporating the ionically conductive solid-state compositions.

An anodeless lithium metal battery includes: a cathode including a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer on the cathode current collector; an anode current collector on the cathode; a composite electrolyte between the cathode and the anode current collector, wherein the composite electrolyte, wherein the composite electrolyte includes a first liquid electrolyte and a metal comprising at least one of a lithium metal and a lithium metal alloy; and a liquid-impermeable ion-conductive composite membrane between the cathode and the composite electrolyte.