Methods and systems for the electrochemical conversion of halogenated compounds are provided. In some embodiments, a method comprises converting a halogenated compound (e.g., fluorinated gas) to relatively non-hazardous products via one or more electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reaction(s) may occur under relatively mild conditions (e.g., low temperature) and/or without the aid of a catalyst. In some embodiments, the electrochemical reaction may produce a relatively large amount of energy. In some such cases, systems, described herein, may be designed to facilitate the conversion of the halogenated compound (e.g., SF6, NF3) while harnessing (e.g., storing, converting) the energy associated with the electrochemical reaction. System and methods described herein may be used in a wide variety of applications, including waste management (e.g., environmental remediation, greenhouse gas mitigation), energy recovery (e.g., industrial energy recovery), and primary batteries (e.g., metal-gas batteries).

A positive electrode active material that has high capacity and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance for a secondary battery is provided. The positive electrode active material includes a group of particles including a first group of particles and a second group of particles. The group of particles includes lithium, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, magnesium, oxygen, and fluorine. When the number of cobalt atoms included in the group of particles is taken as 100, the number of nickel atoms is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 2, the number of aluminum atoms is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 2, and the number of magnesium atoms is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 6. When particle size distribution in the group of particles is measured by a laser diffraction and scattering method, the first group of particles has a first peak and the second group of particles has a second peak; the first peak has a local maximum value at longer than or equal to 2 μm and shorter than or equal to 4 μm, and the second peak has a local maximum value at longer than or equal to 9 μm and shorter than or equal to 25 μm.

Disclosed is an electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same, more specifically an electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery including a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a sulfide compound. The electrolyte for the lithium-sulfur battery improves the efficiency and stability of the negative electrode, thereby improving the capacity and lifetime characteristics of the lithium-sulfur battery.

The invention relates to the simultaneous use of a first salt comprising a nitrate anion (NO.sub.3.sup.−) and a second salt comprising an anion other than nitrate, at least one of the first and second salts being a lithium salt, as ionic conductivity promoters in a rechargeable lithium-metal-gel battery. The invention also relates to a lithium-gel battery comprising a mixture of said first salt and said second salt, to a non-aqueous gel electrolyte comprising such mixture and to a lithium battery positive electrode comprising said mixture.

An all-solid secondary battery, including: a cathode; an anode; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises an anode current collector; a first anode active material layer in contact with the anode current collector and comprising a first metal; a second anode active material layer disposed between the first anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer and comprising a carbon-containing active material; and a contact layer between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and disposed such that the contact layer prevents contact between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the contact layer comprises a second metal, and has a thickness less than a thickness of the first anode active material layer.

An anode for a lithium rechargeable battery includes an interphase layer made of phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride. The anode includes a lithium metal layer and an interphase layer provided on the lithium metal layer, in which the interphase layer includes phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride. The interphase layer induces the lithium growth in a plane direction and reduces the growth of dendrites and decomposition of an electrolyte.

Provided is a bipolar all-solid-state sodium ion secondary battery that can increase the voltage without impairing safety. A bipolar all-solid-state sodium ion secondary battery includes: a plurality of all-solid-state sodium ion secondary batteries 1 in each of which a positive electrode layer 3 capable of absorbing and releasing sodium, a solid electrolyte layer 4 made of a sodium ion-conductive oxide, and a negative electrode layer 5 capable of absorbing and releasing sodium are laid one upon another in this order; and a current collector layer 2 provided between the positive electrode layer 3 of each of the plurality of all-solid-state sodium ion secondary batteries 1 and the negative electrode layer 5 of the adjacent all-solid-state sodium ion secondary battery 1 and shared by the positive electrode layer 3 and the negative electrode layer 5.

A solid-state ion conductor includes a compound of Formula 1:
Li.sub.6+(5−a)x−b*y−z(c+2)wA.sub.1−x(M1).sup.a.sub.x(M2).sup.b.sub.yO.sub.5−z−wX.sub.1+zQ.sup.c.sub.w  Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, A is an element having an oxidation state of +5, M1 is an element having an oxidation state of a, wherein a is +2, +3, +4, +6, +7, or a combination thereof, M2 is an element having an oxidation state of b, wherein b is +1, +2, or a combination thereof, X is an element having an oxidation state of −1, Q is an element having an oxidation state of c, wherein c is less than −2, and wherein −2≤(5−a)x−b*y−z−(c+2)w≤2, 0≤x≤0.5, 0≤y≤0.5, −1≤z≤1, 0≤w≤0.5.

An electrolyte for a lithium metal battery and a lithium metal battery including the same, more specifically an electrolyte for a lithium metal battery including a lithium salt, an organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive includes a functional group that binds to lithium metal at one end thereof and a fluorinated hydrocarbon group at the other end. The electrolyte for the lithium metal battery includes an additive including particular functional groups to improve the stability of the lithium metal and suppress the side reaction at the surface, thereby enabling the lithium metal battery to have high capacity, high stability, and long life.

An electrolyte for a lithium metal battery and a lithium metal battery including the same, more specifically an electrolyte for a lithium metal battery including a lithium salt, an organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive includes a functional group that binds to lithium metal at one end thereof and a fluorinated hydrocarbon group at the other end. The electrolyte for the lithium metal battery includes an additive including particular functional groups to improve the stability of the lithium metal and suppress the side reaction at the surface, thereby enabling the lithium metal battery to have high capacity, high stability, and long life.