The present invention relates to a novel cathode employing a monoclinic sulfur phase that enables a single plateau lithium-sulfur reaction in, for example, a carbonate electrolyte system. The cathode is applicable to a variety of other types of anodes. Also disclosed are an electrode of a cell or battery and a battery including the cathode.

A primary battery including a positive electrode containing iron oxyhydroxide, a negative electrode containing magnesium or aluminum, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

A primary battery including a positive electrode containing iron oxyhydroxide, a negative electrode containing magnesium or aluminum, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

A metal-air battery includes an air electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution disposed between the air electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution contains an alkyl glucoside having or more and or less carbon atoms.

Systems and methods for aromatic macrocyclic compounds (Phthalocyanines) as cathode additives for inhibition of transition metal dissolution and stable solid electrolyte interphase formation may include an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode, where the cathode comprises an active material and a phthalocyanine additive, the additive being coordinated with different metal cationic center and functional groups. The active material may comprise one or more of: nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, and lithium manganese oxide, Ni-rich layered oxides LiNi.sub.1-xM.sub.xO.sub.2 where M=Co, Mn, or Al, Li-rich xLi.sub.2MnO.sub.3(1-x)LiNi.sub.aCo.sub.bMn.sub.cO.sub.2, Li-rich layered oxides LiNi.sub.1+xM.sub.1−xO.sub.2 where M=Co, Mn, or Ni, and spinel oxides LiNi.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.5O.sub.4. The phthalocyanine additive may include one or more of: cobalt hexadecafluoro phthalocyanine (Co-Pc-F), dilithium phthalocyanine (Li-Pc), cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, nickel(II) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt, titanium(IV) phthalocyanine dichloride, manganese(II) phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, aluminum phthalocyanine chloride, Iron(II) phthalocyanine, and silicon phthalocyanine dichloride.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

A rechargeable battery using a solution of an aluminum salt as an electrolyte is disclosed, as well as methods of making the battery and methods of using the battery.

A technique facilitates evaluation of a fluid, such as a fluid produced from a well. The technique utilizes a modular and mobile system for testing flows of fluid which may comprise mixtures of constituents, and for sampling fluids thereof. The multiphase sampling method includes flowing a multiphase fluid comprising an oil phase and a water phase through a first conduit, the oil phase and water phase at least partially separating in the first conduit, mixing together the oil phase and water phase to form a mixed bulk liquid phase by flowing the multiphase fluid through a flow mixer toward a second conduit downstream the flow mixer, sampling a portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase at location at or within the second conduit, wherein the sampled portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase has a water-to-liquid ratio (WLR) representative of the pre-mixed oil phase and water phase.

A secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a positive electrode lead that is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and an insulating tape that covers a part of the positive electrode lead. The positive electrode lead has: one end part which is connected to an exposed part of a positive electrode collector that constitutes the positive electrode; and an extension part which extends outwardly from the one end part beyond the periphery of the positive electrode collector. An insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the one end part of the positive electrode lead; and the insulating layer is covered by the insulating tape.