A rechargeable alkaline battery including an anode; a cathode; and an electrolyte is described. At least one of the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte includes a solid, ionically conducting polymer material. Methods for the manufacture of same are also described.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode including mixing at least two electrode materials selected from a carbon material, a metal oxide precursor, and a conductive polymer with a solvent to prepare a mixture, coating the mixture on a current collector, and radiating IPL (intense pulsed light) on the mixture coated on the current collector, the electrode manufactured according to the method, and a supercapacitor and rechargeable lithium battery including the electrode.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode including mixing at least two electrode materials selected from a carbon material, a metal oxide precursor, and a conductive polymer with a solvent to prepare a mixture, coating the mixture on a current collector, and radiating IPL (intense pulsed light) on the mixture coated on the current collector, the electrode manufactured according to the method, and a supercapacitor and rechargeable lithium battery including the electrode.

A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery includes an electrode group comprising a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material including a base particle comprising a nickel hydroxide particle containing Mn in solid solution and a conductive layer comprising a Co compound and covering the surface of the base particle, wherein the X-ray absorption edge energy of Mn detected within 6500 to 6600 eV by measurement with an XAFS method is 6548 eV or higher.

A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery includes an electrode group comprising a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material including a base particle comprising a nickel hydroxide particle containing Mn in solid solution and a conductive layer comprising a Co compound and covering the surface of the base particle, wherein the X-ray absorption edge energy of Mn detected within 6500 to 6600 eV by measurement with an XAFS method is 6548 eV or higher.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an active material that has a favorable cycle property. The present invention achieves the object by providing an active material to be used for a fluoride ion battery comprising a crystal phase having a layered perovskite structure, and represented by A.sub.n+1B.sub.nO.sub.3n+1−αF.sub.x (A is composed of at least one of an alkaline earth metal element and a rare earth element; B is composed of at least one of Mn, Co, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, V, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, W, Re, Bi, and Sb; “n” is 1 or 2; “α” satisfies 0≦α≦2; and “x” satisfies 0≦x≦2.2).

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in cell performance in high rate discharge and middle rate discharge when used as a cathode material for alkaline manganese dry cells, and a method for its production. Electrolytic manganese dioxide, characterized in that the average size of mesopores is at least 6.5 nm and at most 10 nm, and the alkali potential is at least 290 mV and at most 350 mV; a method for its production and its application.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in cell performance in high rate discharge and middle rate discharge when used as a cathode material for alkaline manganese dry cells, and a method for its production. Electrolytic manganese dioxide, characterized in that the average size of mesopores is at least 6.5 nm and at most 10 nm, and the alkali potential is at least 290 mV and at most 350 mV; a method for its production and its application.

A lithium-manganese dioxide primary battery and preparation thereof. The battery has a discharge capacity greater than 3C at −40° C., and includes multiple positive plates, multiple negative plates, multiple ceramic separators, an electrolyte and a casing. The positive plates, the negative plates and the separators are laminated in a manner of repeated “positive plate-separator-negative plate-separator” to form a dry cell. The lithium-manganese dioxide primary battery is made by placement of the dry cell into the casing, injection of the electrolyte, primary aging, sealing and secondary aging. The positive plate and the negative plate are graphene-based manganese dioxide positive plate and lithium-carbon composite negative plate, respectively. The front and back surfaces of the positive plate are respectively provided with a positive reserved tab, and the front and back surfaces of the negative plate are respectively provided with a negative reserved tab.

Methods and apparatus to form biocompatible energization elements are described. In some examples, the methods and apparatus to form the biocompatible energization elements involve forming cavities comprising active cathode chemistry. The active elements of the cathode and anode are sealed with a biocompatible material. In some examples, a field of use for the methods and apparatus may include any biocompatible device or product that requires energization elements.