A device for producing electrolyte flow in a flow-assisted battery comprises a flow assisted battery, a powering device located on a dry side of a battery housing, and an impeller assembly located on a wet side of the battery housing. The flow assisted battery comprises a battery housing, an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte solution, where the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte solution are disposed within the battery housing. The impeller assembly comprises: a shaft, an impeller, and one or more interior magnets, and the powering device and the impeller assembly are magnetically coupled through the battery housing.

A device for producing electrolyte flow in a flow-assisted battery comprises a flow assisted battery, a powering device located on a dry side of a battery housing, and an impeller assembly located on a wet side of the battery housing. The flow assisted battery comprises a battery housing, an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte solution, where the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte solution are disposed within the battery housing. The impeller assembly comprises: a shaft, an impeller, and one or more interior magnets, and the powering device and the impeller assembly are magnetically coupled through the battery housing.

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF.sub.4) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.

A process for making an at least partially coated electrode active material may involve, with an electrode active material of formula Li.sub.1−xTM.sub.1−xO.sub.2, wherein TM is a combination of Ni, Co and, optionally, Mn, and, optionally, at least one metal selected from Al, Ti and Zr, and x is in the range of from 0 to 0.2, treating the electrode active material with at least one compound of W or Mo that bears at least one group or ion that is replaced or displaced when such compound reacts with the surface of the electrode active material particle, treating the surface-reacted material with an agent to decompose the compound of W or Mo, repeating the sequence 1 to 100 times, wherein the average thickness of the resulting coating is in the range of from 0.1 to 50 nm.

The present invention provides a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery including a core including first lithium cobalt oxide, and a surface modifying layer positioned on a surface of the core. The surface modifying layer includes a lithium compound discontinuously distributed on the surface of the core, and second lithium cobalt oxide distributed while making a contact with or adjacent to the lithium compound, with a Li/Co molar ratio of less than 1. The positive electrode active material according to the present invention forms a lithium deficient structure in the positive electrode active material of lithium cobalt oxide and changes two-dimensional lithium transport path into three-dimensional path. The transport rate of lithium ions may increase when applied to a battery, thereby illustrating improved capacity and rate characteristic without decreasing initial capacity.

The present application relates to a method comprising: (a) providing a battery comprising a manganese oxide composition as a primary active material; and (b) cycling the battery by: (i) galvanostatically discharging the battery to a first V.sub.cell; (ii) galvanostatically charging the battery to a second V.sub.cell; and (iii) potentiostatically charging at the second V.sub.cell for a first defined period of time. The present application also relates to a chemical composition produced by the method above. The present application also relates to a battery comprising one or more chemical species, the one or more chemical species produced by cycling an activated composition.

The present application relates to a method comprising: (a) providing a battery comprising a manganese oxide composition as a primary active material; and (b) cycling the battery by: (i) galvanostatically discharging the battery to a first V.sub.cell; (ii) galvanostatically charging the battery to a second V.sub.cell; and (iii) potentiostatically charging at the second V.sub.cell for a first defined period of time. The present application also relates to a chemical composition produced by the method above. The present application also relates to a battery comprising one or more chemical species, the one or more chemical species produced by cycling an activated composition.

The present application discloses s an electrochemical cell (battery) comprising a hydrogen storage negative electrode (anode), a positive electrode (cathode) and a solid proton-conducting electrolyte in contact with the electrodes. The solid proton-conducting electrolyte comprises a silicon material which comprises at least 35 at % silicon.

There is provided a sealed battery having excellent corrosion resistance and sealing performance. The sealed battery 1 includes a battery jacket can 2 having a bottom and being in a cylindrical or polyhedral shape. The battery jacket can 2 also serves as a collector of one of the electrodes. The battery jacket can 2 has an opening pointing upwards and accommodates active parts (3, 4, 5 and 20). The opening is sealed by a sealing part 10 that includes a flat metal sealing plate 6, a gasket 9 made of an insulator, and a terminal part 7 of the other electrode. In the sealing part, the terminal part is attached to the sealing plate 6 using the gasket 9. The sealing plate has a planar shape that matches a shape of the opening of the battery jacket can. The sealing plate is in a saucer shape whose edge section is bent upwards. An upper end of the edge section of the sealing plate is laser-welded to an upper end of the battery jacket can while the sealing plate being inserted inside the opening of the battery jacket can. The battery jacket can is made of ferritic stainless steel to which Tin (Sn) is added.

There is provided a sealed battery having excellent corrosion resistance and sealing performance. The sealed battery 1 includes a battery jacket can 2 having a bottom and being in a cylindrical or polyhedral shape. The battery jacket can 2 also serves as a collector of one of the electrodes. The battery jacket can 2 has an opening pointing upwards and accommodates active parts (3, 4, 5 and 20). The opening is sealed by a sealing part 10 that includes a flat metal sealing plate 6, a gasket 9 made of an insulator, and a terminal part 7 of the other electrode. In the sealing part, the terminal part is attached to the sealing plate 6 using the gasket 9. The sealing plate has a planar shape that matches a shape of the opening of the battery jacket can. The sealing plate is in a saucer shape whose edge section is bent upwards. An upper end of the edge section of the sealing plate is laser-welded to an upper end of the battery jacket can while the sealing plate being inserted inside the opening of the battery jacket can. The battery jacket can is made of ferritic stainless steel to which Tin (Sn) is added.