Batteries are described that include a cathode material, and anode material, and a polymeric material that separates the cathode material from the anode material. The polymeric material has hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 50 mS/cm, and a diffusion ration of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 10:1. Also described are methods of making a battery that include forming a layer of polymeric material between a first electrode and second electrode of the battery. In additional methods, the polymeric material is coated on at least one of the electrodes of the battery. In further methods, the polymeric material is admixed with at least one of the electrode materials to make a composite electrode material that is incorporated into the electrode.

Batteries are described that include a cathode material, and anode material, and a polymeric material that separates the cathode material from the anode material. The polymeric material has hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 50 mS/cm, and a diffusion ration of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 10:1. Also described are methods of making a battery that include forming a layer of polymeric material between a first electrode and second electrode of the battery. In additional methods, the polymeric material is coated on at least one of the electrodes of the battery. In further methods, the polymeric material is admixed with at least one of the electrode materials to make a composite electrode material that is incorporated into the electrode.

A coating composition is described. The coating composition has a plurality of particles of a solid, ionically conductive polymer material. The solid, ionically conductive polymer material has an ionic conductive greater than 1×10-4 S/cm at room temperature, and the solid, ionically conductive polymer material is in a glassy state at room temperature. The coating composition also has a plurality of particles of an electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity at room temperature greater that 1×102 S/cm. The coating composition additionally has a plurality of particles of a binder. The binder holds the particles of the composition to form a cohesive coating. Battery and battery components using the coating composition are also described.

A coating composition is described. The coating composition has a plurality of particles of a solid, ionically conductive polymer material. The solid, ionically conductive polymer material has an ionic conductive greater than 1×10-4 S/cm at room temperature, and the solid, ionically conductive polymer material is in a glassy state at room temperature. The coating composition also has a plurality of particles of an electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive material has an electrical conductivity at room temperature greater that 1×102 S/cm. The coating composition additionally has a plurality of particles of a binder. The binder holds the particles of the composition to form a cohesive coating. Battery and battery components using the coating composition are also described.

The disclosed technology generally relates to energy storage devices, and more particularly to energy storage devices comprising frustules. According to an aspect, a supercapacitor comprises a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises a plurality of frustules having formed thereon a surface active material. The surface active material can include nanostructures. The surface active material can include one or more of a zinc oxide, a manganese oxide and a carbon nanotube.

Various embodiments relate to several processes that may recover commodity chemicals from an alkaline metal-air battery. In various embodiments, while the cell is operating, various side products and waste streams may be collected and processed to regain use or additional value. Various embodiments also include processes to be performed after the cell has been disassembled, and each of its electrodes have been separated such as not to be an electrical hazard. The alkaline metal battery recycling processes described herein may provide multiple forms of commodity iron, high purity transition metal ores, fluoropolymer dispersions, various carbons, commodity chemicals, and catalyst dispersions.

A positive electrode active material precursor for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided that includes a nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate composite represented by general formula Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zM.sub.tCO.sub.3 (where x+y+z+t=1, 0.05≤x≤0.3, 0.1≤y≤0.4, 0≤t≤0.1, and M denotes at least one additional element selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, and W) and a hydrogen-containing functional group. The ratio H/Me of the amount of hydrogen H to the amount of metal components Me included in the positive electrode active material precursor is less than 1.60. The positive electrode active material further includes a secondary particle formed by a plurality of primary particles that have been aggregated.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in packing property and high-rate discharge characteristics when used as a cathode material for alkaline dry cells. Electrolytic manganese dioxide in which the half-value width of the (110) plane in XRD measurement using CuKα line as the radiation source is at least 1.8° and less than 2.2°, the peak intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peaks (110)/(021) is at least 0.70 and at most 1.00, and the JIS-pH (JIS K1467) is at least 1.5 and less than 5.0; a method for producing the electrolytic manganese dioxide; and its application.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in packing property and high-rate discharge characteristics when used as a cathode material for alkaline dry cells. Electrolytic manganese dioxide in which the half-value width of the (110) plane in XRD measurement using CuKα line as the radiation source is at least 1.8° and less than 2.2°, the peak intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peaks (110)/(021) is at least 0.70 and at most 1.00, and the JIS-pH (JIS K1467) is at least 1.5 and less than 5.0; a method for producing the electrolytic manganese dioxide; and its application.

Provided are electrochemical cells and methods of manufacturing these cells. An electrochemical cell comprises a positive electrode and an electrolyte layer, printed over the positive electrode. In some examples, each of the positive electrode, electrolyte layer, and negative electrode comprises an ionic liquid enabling ionic transfer. The negative electrode comprises a negative active material layer (e.g., comprising zinc), printed over and directly interfacing the electrolyte layer. The negative electrode also comprises a negative current collector (e.g., copper foil) and a conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer is disposed between and adhered to, directly interfaces, and provides electronic conductivity between the negative active material layer and the negative current collector. In some examples, the conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer comprises carbon and/or metal particles (e.g., nickel, copper, indium, and/or silver). Furthermore, the conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer may comprise an acrylic polymer, encapsulating these particles.