An alkaline battery is made by press-fitting a plurality of tubular positive electrode pellets inside of an open end of a cylindrical positive electrode can. The press-fitting is performed in such a manner as to stack the positive electrode pellets coaxially inside of and in contact with the positive electrode can, with gaps between adjacent positive electrode pellets. A separator is disposed inside of the tubular pellets, and a negative electrode mixture is placed inside of the separator. A negative electrode current collector is inserted into the negative electrode mixture, and the opening at the open end of the positive electrode can is sealed with a negative electrode terminal plate.

Provided are compositions, systems, and methods of making and using pre-lithiated cathodes for use in lithium ion secondary cells as the means of supplying extra lithium to the cell. The chemically or electrochemically pre-lithiated cathodes include cathode active material that is pre-lithiated prior to assembly into an electrochemical cell. The process of producing pre-lithiated cathodes includes contacting a cathode active material to an electrolyte, the electrolyte further contacting a counter electrode lithium source and applying an electric potential or current to the cathode active material and the lithium source thereby pre-lithiating the cathode active material with lithium. An electrochemical cell is also provided including the pre-lithiated cathode, an anode, a separator and an electrolyte.

An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material including zinc, and an additive. The additive includes at least one selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and maleate salts.

The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing metal oxide nanosheets. In a preferred embodiment, graphene oxide (GO) or graphite oxide is employed as a template or structure directing agent for the formation of the metal oxide nanosheets, wherein the template is mixed with metal oxide precursor to form a metal oxide precursor-bonded template. Subsequently, the metal oxide precursor-bonded template is calcined to form the metal oxide nanosheets. The present invention also relates to a lithium-ion battery anode comprising the metal oxide nanosheets. In a further preferred embodiment, the battery anode may comprising reduced template, which is reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or reduced graphite oxide.

A novel energy storage battery system is described that includes a highly reversible electrolytic Zn—MnO.sub.2 system in which electrodeposition/electrolysis of Zn (anode side) and MnO.sub.2 (cathode side) couple is employed with a theoretical voltage approximately 2 V and energy density of approximately 409 Wh kg.sup.−1 providing superior durability and excellent energy densities.

A novel energy storage battery system is described that includes a highly reversible electrolytic Zn—MnO.sub.2 system in which electrodeposition/electrolysis of Zn (anode side) and MnO.sub.2 (cathode side) couple is employed with a theoretical voltage approximately 2 V and energy density of approximately 409 Wh kg.sup.−1 providing superior durability and excellent energy densities.

A method of manufacturing a battery electrode material in slurry form to be coated on a sheet-shaped current collector, the battery electrode material containing an electrode active material made of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and containing an aqueous binder. The method includes, as a process of mixing and kneading raw materials of the battery electrode material by using water as a solvent, mixing the electrode active material; mixing the binder; and mixing a neutralizing agent, the neutralizing agent being lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

A method of manufacturing a battery electrode material in slurry form to be coated on a sheet-shaped current collector, the battery electrode material containing an electrode active material made of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and containing an aqueous binder. The method includes, as a process of mixing and kneading raw materials of the battery electrode material by using water as a solvent, mixing the electrode active material; mixing the binder; and mixing a neutralizing agent, the neutralizing agent being lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

Battery cells of this disclosure include a zinc anode and a cathode having acidified metal oxide nanomaterials combined with alkaline battery chemistry materials.

A green secondary electrode includes a conductive substrate, active material and material additives in direct contact with the conductive substrate, and a combination of vinyl acetate-ethylene and methylcellulose-based additive binding the conductive substrate, active materials, and material additives together. The green secondary electrode may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode.