Disclosed are an electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, comprising at least one selected from compounds represented by the following formula 1, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
Li.sub.xMo.sub.4−yM.sub.yO.sub.6−zA.sub.z  (1) wherein 0≦x≦2, 0≦y≦0.5, 0≦z≦0.5, M is a metal or transition metal cation having an oxidation number of +2 to +4, and A is a negative monovalent or negative bivalent anion.

Disclosed are an electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, comprising at least one selected from compounds represented by the following formula 1, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
Li.sub.xMo.sub.4−yM.sub.yO.sub.6−zA.sub.z  (1) wherein 0≦x≦2, 0≦y≦0.5, 0≦z≦0.5, M is a metal or transition metal cation having an oxidation number of +2 to +4, and A is a negative monovalent or negative bivalent anion.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

Core-shell particles may be based on red lead coated with pyrogenically produced titanium dioxide and/or a pyrogenically produced aluminum oxide, and a process may prepare such core-shell particles which may be used in lead-acid batteries. The red lead may include PbO.sub.2 in a range of from 25 to 32 wt. %.

Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

A positive electrode plate for a lead-acid battery includes: a punched grid having grid crosspieces; and a positive electrode material. A corner portion of the grid crosspiece of the punched grid in a cross section perpendicular to an extending direction of the grid crosspiece is deformed, and a density of the positive electrode material after being subjected to formation is 4.1 [g/cm.sup.3] or more.

A positive electrode plate for a lead-acid battery includes: a punched grid having grid crosspieces; and a positive electrode material. A corner portion of the grid crosspiece of the punched grid in a cross section perpendicular to an extending direction of the grid crosspiece is deformed, and a density of the positive electrode material after being subjected to formation is 4.1 [g/cm.sup.3] or more.

A method for recovering lead oxide from a pre-desalted lead paste, comprising the following steps: a. dissolving the pre-desalted lead plaster by using a complexing agent solution, and making all of PbO therein react with the complexing agent to generate lead complexing ions, obtaining a lead-containing solution and a filter residue; b. adding a precipitant to the lead-containing solution, and then the precipitant reacting with the lead complexing ions to generate a lead salt precipitate and the regenerated complexing agent; c. calcining the lead salt precipitate to obtain lead oxide and regenerate the precipitant. The final recovery rate of lead oxide of the method can reach 99% or more.