Methods and systems are provided for a redox flow battery system. In one example, the redox flow battery is adapted with an additive included in a battery electrolyte and an anion exchange membrane separator dividing positive electrolyte from negative electrolyte. An overall system cost of the battery system may be reduced while a storage capacity, energy density and performance may be increased.

Methods and systems are provided for a redox flow battery system. In one example, the redox flow battery is adapted with an additive included in a battery electrolyte and an anion exchange membrane separator dividing positive electrolyte from negative electrolyte. An overall system cost of the battery system may be reduced while a storage capacity, energy density and performance may be increased.

Process for making an electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, said process comprising the following steps: (a) Contacting a mixture of (A) a precursor of a mixed oxide according to general formula Li.sub.1+xTM.sub.1−xO.sub.2, wherein TM is a combination of two or more transition metals selected from Mn, Co and Ni, optionally in combination with at least one more metal selected from Ba, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Cr, K, Mo, Nb, Mg, Na and V, and x is in the range of from zero to 0.2, and (B) at least one lithium compound, with (C) Br.sub.2, I.sub.2, or at least one compound selected from carbon perhalides selected from the bromides and iodides, and interhalogen compounds comprising bromine or iodine, and (b) Subjecting said mixture to heat treatment at a temperature in the range of from 700 to 1000° C.

A flow battery field, an electrode slurry, a slurry electrode, a flow battery, and a stack are disclosed. The electrode slurry comprising electrode particles and electrolyte that contains active substance. Based on 100 pbw active substance, the electrode particles are 10-1,000 pbw. The slurry electrode comprises: a bipolar plate, a current collector, and a slurry electrode reservoir configured to store electrode slurry. In the two opposite sides of the bipolar plate, one side is adjacent to the current collector, and the other side is arranged with a slurry electrode cavity, and flow channels are arranged and extended between the bipolar plate and the slurry electrode cavity, so that the electrode slurry is circulated between the slurry electrode cavity and the slurry electrode reservoir. A flow battery that employs the electrode slurry can provide higher and more stable power output under the same current condition and is lower in cost.

A battery includes an anode, an electrolyte including a solvent and at least one ion conducting salt, and a cathode including a metal halide salt incorporated into an electrically conductive material. The electrolyte is in contact with the anode, the cathode, and an oxidizing gas.

A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on at least one surface of the current collector, the first conductive material has particle diameter distribution D.sub.90 between 3 and 20 μm, the first conductive material has a crystallite diameter between 1 and 10 nm, the crystallite diameter being obtained by a Scherrer's equation based on a peak intensity attributed to (102) face in which 2θ exists within a range of 50 to 52° in an X-ray diffraction pattern derived by means of an X-ray diffraction measurement using Cu-Kα, the second conductive material has an average particle diameter size between 10 and 100 nm, and density of the positive electrode mixture layer is between 2.3 and 2.9 g/cm.sup.3.

Composite anode-active particulates that include lithium-active, silicon nanoparticles in carbon matrices impregnated with solid electrolyte are described with methods for their preparation. The composite active particulates preferably include a solid electrolyte phase carried within pores of the particulate.

Provided is a fluoride ion secondary battery that shows high charging and discharging efficiency even in an environment with an oxygen concentration of more than 2 ppm. The fluoride ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode material layer; a negative electrode material layer; a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode material layer and the negative electrode material layer; and an exterior body that accommodates the positive electrode material layer, the negative electrode material layer, and the solid electrolyte layer in a hermetically sealed space filled with an Ar atmosphere. The hermetically sealed space in the exterior body may have an oxygen concentration of 7.3 ppm or less.

Cathode active materials that include a metal compound having the formula MR.sub.x, where M is a metal, R is an atom, a molecule, or a radical having an oxidation state of −1, and x is a positive nonzero real number; and a metal oxide having the formula M′.sub.yO.sub.z, where M′ is a metal, and y and z are independently positive nonzero real numbers; provided that the metal compound and the metal oxide are in contact. The cathode active materials can be used to prepare cathodes that evolve little or no oxygen during operation. The cathodes can be economically incorporated into batteries that can provide high energy density.

An all-solid-state battery comprises a lithium anode, a cathode, solid electrolyte and a protective layer between the solid electrolyte and the lithium anode. The protective layer comprises an ion-conducting material having an electrochemical stability window against lithium of at least 1.0 V, a lowest electrochemical stability being 0.0 V and a highest electrochemical stability being greater than 1.0 V. More particularly, when the solid electrolyte is LiSiCON, the electrochemical stability window is at least 1.5 V, the lowest electrochemical stability is 0.0 V and the highest electrochemical stability is greater than 1.5 V. When the solid electrolyte is sulfide-based, the electrochemical stability window is at least 2.0 V, the lowest electrochemical stability is 0.0 V and the highest electrochemical stability is greater than 2.0 V.