A method and apparatus for forming metal electrode structures, more specifically lithium-containing anodes, high performance electrochemical devices, such as primary and secondary electrochemical devices, including the aforementioned lithium-containing electrodes. In one implementation, the method comprises forming a lithium metal film on a current collector. The current collector comprises copper and/or stainless steel. The method further comprises forming a protective film stack on the lithium metal film, comprising forming a first protective film on the lithium metal film. The first protective film is selected from a bismuth chalcogenide film, a copper chalcogenide film, a tin chalcogenide film, a gallium chalcogenide film, a germanium chalcogenide film, an indium chalcogenide film, a silver chalcogenide film, a dielectric film, a lithium fluoride film, or a combination thereof.

An electrical energy storage device and a method of forming such electrical energy storage device. The electrical energy storage device includes an electrolyte that is arranged to dissipate energy when subjected to external mechanical load applied to the electrical energy storage device. The electrolyte includes a polymer matrix of at least two crosslinked structures, including a first polymeric material and a second polymeric material; and an electrolytic solution retained by the polymer matrix.

Embodiments of secondary batteries having electrode assemblies are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an electrode assembly having a stacked series of layers, the stacked series of layers having an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell member of the stacked series. A set of constraints can be provided with a primary constraint system with first and second primary growth constraints separated from each other in a longitudinal direction, and connected by at least one primary connecting member, and a secondary constraint system comprises first and second secondary growth constraints separated in a second direction and connected by members of the stacked series of layers. The primary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction, and the secondary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth in the second direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

A lithium ion battery is provided, which includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a current collector and a -phase-based polyvinylidene fluoride (-PVDF) layer coating on the current collector. The -PVDF layer may have a thickness of 1 m to 10 m.

A battery includes an outer package including a laminated film including one or more resin layers, a terminal, and a melt-bonding assisting member including a thermoplastic resin and extending along the terminal. The outer package includes a melt-bonded region at which the terminal is sandwiched between the one or more resin layers via the melt-bonding assisting member. The terminal includes an inner part, a sandwiched part, and an outer part arranged in a first direction. The battery has a discharge capacity of 10 Ah or more.

Systems and methods for rechargeable batteries are provided. In an embodiment, a battery may include a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte solution, and a current collector. The anode may include a 3D porous structure. The 3D porous structure may have a higher electrical conductivity at one end than at the other end, and lithium ions may be dispersed throughout the 3D porous structure.

A substrate for an electrode is provided, the substrate for an electrode including a support and an electrode mixture layer including an active material on the support, and the support includes wrinkles in which peak regions and valley regions are formed in a transverse direction.

A battery, including a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte; the cathode including a cathode active material capable of reversibly intercalating-deintercalating ions; the anode including an anode current collector that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction; the electrolyte including a solvent capable of dissolving solute, the solute being ionized to at least an active ions that can be reduced to a metallic state during a charge cycle and be oxidized from the metallic state to the dissolved ion state during a discharge cycle and/or an intercalation-deintercalation ions that can deintercalate from the cathode active material during the charge cycle and intercalate into the cathode active material during the discharge cycle; the anode further comprising an anode active material formed on the anode current collector capable of being oxidized and dissolved to active ion state during the discharge cycle.

An implantable device, such as a pacer, defibrillator, or other cardiac rhythm management device, can include one or more MRI Safe components. In an example, the implantable device includes a battery including a first electrode and a second electrode separate from the first electrode. The second electrode includes a first surface and a second surface. The second electrode includes a slot through the second electrode from the first surface toward the second surface. The slot extends from a perimeter of the second electrode to an interior of the second electrode. The slot is configured to at least partially segment a surface area of the second electrode to reduce a radial current loop size in the second electrode.

A sealing body for sealing an upper opening of a battery can having a tube shape with a closed bottom includes an electrode terminal, a sealing plate, and gaskets. The electrode terminal includes a flat plate-shaped stepped portion in an area of a lower surface of a flat plate-shaped terminal portion. The electrode terminal has an inserting portion extending downward in a columnar shape on a lower surface of the stepped portion, and a protrusion in a non-circular planar shape that goes around the inserting portion. The sealing plate has an opening, and has an upper surface and a lower surface on which a non-circular sealing-plate recessed portion and a sealing-plate protruding portion are formed. The gaskets have a shaft portion inserted through the opening of the sealing plate, and a protruding portion that engages the sealing-plate recessed portion and a recessed portion that engages the sealing-plate protruding portion.