A machine and process for making a composite battery electrode with a conductive lead cast ribbon extending along and attached to a portion of a carbon fiber material. A lead ribbon may be continuously cast along a longitudinally elongate strip of carbon fiber material. The ribbon may be cast along an edge or edges of a longitudinally elongate strip of carbon fiber material.

Disclosed is a lead acid battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode grid that supports the negative electrode active material. The negative electrode grid contains tin in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.8 mass % or less. The electrolyte contains aluminum ions at a concentration of 1 mmol/L or more and less than 10 mmol L, and sodium ions at a concentration of 15 mmol/L or less.

Disclosed is a lead acid battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode grid that supports the negative electrode active material. The negative electrode grid contains tin in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more and 0.8 mass % or less. The electrolyte contains aluminum ions at a concentration of 1 mmol/L or more and less than 10 mmol L, and sodium ions at a concentration of 15 mmol/L or less.

A positive electrode grid body for lead-acid battery includes frame rib including first and second lateral frame ribs and first and second longitudinal frame ribs, an inner rib including a plurality of lateral and longitudinal crosspieces, a plurality of opening portions, and a positive electrode current collection lug connected to the first lateral frame rib. In a region having a length of at least one opening portion or more in the lateral direction of the lateral crosspieces from the first longitudinal frame rib, a cross-sectional area of the plurality of lateral crosspieces located on at least the first lateral frame rib side becomes larger from the second longitudinal frame rib side toward a portion connected to the first longitudinal frame rib.

A method for manufacturing a substrate for a lead acid battery includes manufacturing a powder mixture by mixing lead powder and carbon powder and manufacturing a substrate by compress-molding the powder mixture. 85 wt % to 95 wt % of the lead powder and 5 wt % to 15 wt % of the carbon powder are mixed, based on 100 wt % of the powder mixture.

The inventive subject matter is directed to continuous electrochemical production of highly pure micro- or nanostructured lead that at least partially encloses the electroprocessing solvent and molecular hydrogen and optional guest compounds to form a mixed matrix. Such compositions are particularly suitable for cold forming of various structures and/or for alloy and composite material production.

The inventive subject matter is directed to continuous electrochemical production of highly pure micro- or nanostructured lead that at least partially encloses the electroprocessing solvent and molecular hydrogen and optional guest compounds to form a mixed matrix. Such compositions are particularly suitable for cold forming of various structures and/or for alloy and composite material production.

A current collector assembly, such as for a bipolar lead acid battery, can include an electrically-conductive silicon substrate and a frame bonded to the electrically-conductive silicon substrate. The substrate can be treated or modified, such as to include one or more thin films which render a surface substrate electrically conductive and electrochemically stable in the presence of a lead acid electrolyte chemistry. An interface between the frame and the electrically-conductive silicon substrate can be hermetically sealed. In an example, the frame can provide an edge-seal ring configuration. In an example, a casing assembly can include a spacer bonded to the substrate, along with a casing segment and a thermally-conductive rib, the spacer isolating the thermally-conductive rib from the electrically-conductive silicon substrate electrically.

A current collector assembly, such as for a bipolar lead acid battery, can include an electrically-conductive silicon substrate and a frame bonded to the electrically-conductive silicon substrate. The substrate can be treated or modified, such as to include one or more thin films which render a surface substrate electrically conductive and electrochemically stable in the presence of a lead acid electrolyte chemistry. An interface between the frame and the electrically-conductive silicon substrate can be hermetically sealed. In an example, the frame can provide an edge-seal ring configuration. In an example, a casing assembly can include a spacer bonded to the substrate, along with a casing segment and a thermally-conductive rib, the spacer isolating the thermally-conductive rib from the electrically-conductive silicon substrate electrically.

An electrical storage device includes high surface area fibers (e.g., shaped fibers and/or microfibers) coated with carbon (graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, CNT, or graphite coated CNT), electrolyte, and/or electrode active material (e.g., lead oxide) in electrodes. The electrodes are used to form electrical storage devices such as electrochemical batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors, and asymmetrical capacitors.