Nanostructured electrodes comprising nanoparticles of conductive material deposited on a conductive electrode support are described in the present invention. Said nanoparticles are characterised by a particle size of about 20.0 nm or less and a particle size distribution having a tuneable standard deviation from 0.1 nm to 1.0 nm. This particle size distribution is measured using a differential mobility analyser. The nanostructured electrodes are manufactured by the method of spark ablation, which provides a scalable and viable way for producing widely different types of mixed nanoparticles. Most importantly, implementation of the spark ablation has the great advantage to combine a wider range of materials, thereby allowing the synthesis of mixed nanoparticles with virtually unlimited combinations and highly sharp particle size distribution control which is advantageous for high tunability of selectivity.

The disclosure provides a high permeable porous substrate. The high permeable porous substrate includes a porous substrate body and a plurality of channels. The plurality of channels penetrate the first surface of the porous substrate body and do not penetrate the second surface of the porous substrate body. In addition, a solid oxide fuel cell supported by the high permeable porous substrate is also provided.

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (100) for use in generating electricity while tolerating sulfur content in a fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell (100) includes an electrolyte (106), a cathode (102), and a sulfur tolerant anode (104). The cathode (102) is disposed on a first side of the electrolyte (106). The sulfur tolerant anode (104) is disposed on a second side of the electrolyte (106) opposite the cathode (102). The sulfur tolerant anode (104) includes a composition of nickel, copper, and ceria to exhibit a substantially stable operating voltage at a constant current density in the presence of the sulfur content within the fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell (100) is useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from reformate which includes synthesis gas (syngas) and sulfur content. The solid oxide fuel cell (100) is also useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from unreformed hydrocarbon fuel.

A high permeable porous substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell and a production method to produce the substrate are provided. The high permeable porous substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell includes a porous substrate body and a plurality of channels. The plurality of channels penetrate the first surface of the porous substrate body and does not penetrate the second surface of the porous substrate body. In addition, a production method for the high permeable porous substrate of a solid oxide fuel cell is also provided.

Disclosed is an anode for a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) having improved creep property by adding an additive for imparting creep resistance to nickel-aluminum alloy and nickel as materials for an anode. Improved sintering property, creep property and increased mechanical strength of a molten carbonate fuel cell may be obtained accordingly.

Embodiments of a molten metal anode solid oxide fuel cell (MMA-SOFC) system comprise a first MMA-SOFC and a second MMA-SOFC, a fuel contactor integral with the first MMA-SOFC or in fluid communication with the first MMA-SOFC, a molten metal conduit configured to deliver molten metal from a first molten metal anode to a second molten metal anode, and one or more external electric circuits, wherein a first molten metal anode is configured to oxidize molten metal to produce metal oxides and electrons, the fuel contactor is configured to reduce the metal oxides and produce metals and metal sulfides in the molten metal upon reaction with sulfur-containing fuel. The second molten metal anode is configured to oxidize the metal sulfides in the metal sulfides-containing molten metal to produce metals and electrons, and the external electric circuits are configured to generate power from the electrons produced in the first and second MMA-SOFCs.

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for use in generating electricity while tolerating sulfur content in a fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell includes an electrolyte, a cathode, and a sulfur tolerant anode. The cathode is disposed on a first side of the electrolyte. The sulfur tolerant anode is disposed on a second side of the electrolyte opposite the cathode. The sulfur tolerant anode includes a composition of nickel, copper, and ceria to exhibit a substantially stable operating voltage at a constant current density in the presence of the sulfur content within the fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell is useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from reformate which includes synthesis gas (syngas) and sulfur content. The solid oxide fuel cell is also useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from unreformed hydrocarbon fuel.

A solid oxide fuel cell comprising an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode. In this fuel cell at least one electrode has been modified with a promoter using gas phase infiltration.

Provided are a membrane electrode assembly, including a solid electrolyte layer, an anode layer provided on one side of the solid electrolyte layer, and a cathode layer provided on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer, the anode layer being stacked on the solid electrolyte layer to be pressed thereagainst, the anode layer including a porous anode member having electrical conductivity; and a method for manufacturing the same.

A solid based fuel cell has a cathode layer, an interlayer, an electrolyte layer, and a metal-reinforced anode. The metal-reinforced anode has a first layer of first metal particles coated with solid electrolyte, the first metal particles embedded in anode active material, a second layer of metal through which holes are formed in a thickness direction, the holes filled with second metal particles coated with additional solid electrolyte, and a third layer of third metal particles coated with yet additional solid electrolyte, the third metal particles embedded in reforming catalyst.